Produção de mudas de Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. Allemão) visando sua conservação e percepção sobre seu uso sustentável em comunidades de um município do semiárido potiguar

Abstract

Aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr. All.), belongs to the Anacardiaceae family, occurs in the caatinga and cerrado biomes. Widely exploited due to its heavy wood and practically imputrescible, and because of its medicinal properties. For these reasons, Aroeira is on the official list of endangered species of Brazilian flora in the vulnerable class. Therefore, emphasis should be given to studies on the definition of protocols and strategies that favor the production of seedlings with quality. This study had three chapters, in which the objectives were: to test the germination of aroeira in different common substrates, to test the production of aroeira calli in different concentrations of the 2,4D phytoregulator hormone in order to create a protocol for the large scale production of And to evaluate the environmental perception of the residents of Baraúna - RN, as well as capture their traditional knowledge about Myracrodruon urundeuva. In the first chapter the seeds were grown on the sand substrates; clay; Sand mixed with clay, 50% each; Sand with humus, 50% of each; Clay with humus, 50% each; Sand and humus clay, 25% sand, 25% clay and 50% humus, observations and watering were done daily for 15 days to calculate the percentage, the mean time and the average speed of germination. The species had the worst results in all parameters with the substrates that had humus, the sand + clay and sand substrates presented the best results. In the second chapter, leaf segments of 1cm² and four different concentrations of the 2,4D hormone were used, which were: 2.32 μM, 4.64 μM, 6.96 μM and 9.28 μM. The results showed that the best concentration for callus development was 4.64 μM and that almost all the explants oxidized, confirming the need for a medium with antioxidant agents. In the third chapter, 101 semi-structured interviews were conducted from February 25 to 28, 2017, through questionnaires addressing the following aspects: a) personal data, b) socioeconomic data, c) information about knowledge, d) about medical use and e) on wood use. It was verified that most of the interviewees consider the Caatinga important in some level; More than half of the interviewees noticed that the aroeira is diminishing to some degree; The medicinal properties of aroeira are widely known by those interviewed, mainly for its anti-inflammatory action; Many still use aroeira to treat diseases with extracts made from the bark; And little was recorded for timber use. The results generated by this research defined ex vitro and in vitro culture protocols, in addition to confirming the great popularity of aroeira, which makes it even more vulnerable. In this sense, studies on the cultivation and environmental perception of endangered forest species can be precursors of models and mechanisms, both for the management, as well as for the recovery of their natural populations.