Necessidades de saúde de pessoas com deficiência: uma análise de conceito

Abstract

This study is a concept analysis of the health needs of people with disabilities, according to the model of Walker and Avant. The general objective was to analyze the concept of health needs of people with disabilities using the Walker and Avant model. The specific objectives were: to identify and synthesize the concept of health needs of people with disabilities through an integrative review (IR); identify the attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical references of the concept of health needs of people with disabilities; elaborate a model case, a case-related and a contrary case of the concept of health needs of people with disabilities. The eight steps proposed by the Walker and Avant model were followed, namely: concept selection, conceptual analysis objectives, identification of possible uses of the concept, determination of the search criteria in the literature; concept identification; definition of the objective of the analysis; verification of the uses of the concept; identification of defining attributes; example of a model case; determination of additional cases; definition of the antecedent and consequent terms to the concept; and determination of empirical references. For this study, the concept of health needs of people with disabilities was selected, aiming to identify the main characteristics of these needs and whether they are applied to all people with any type of disability or can be specific to each group. A guideline protocol for an integrative review was then prepared. Data collection was carried out in the following databases: PUBMED, SCOPUS and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), accessed through the Capes Journals Portal, using descriptors indexed in the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH); and the Latin American Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SCIELO) databases, accessed through the Virtual Health Library (VHL) with Descriptors in Health Sciences (DeCS). For data analysis and definition of attributes, antecedents and consequents of the concept, the concept map was used as a strategy of apprehension, which had as central concept - the health needs of people with disabilities. The use of the concept of the need for health of people with disabilities presented two training poles, the first one, the understanding about health needs, and the second, the understanding of who are disabled people. The most frequent antecedents were strongly associated with the limitations of disability, social vulnerabilities and weaknesses, lack of accessibility and disarticulation of health services. The defining attributes identified were the needs of health services and psychosocial assistance, needs for autonomy and social participation; need for good living conditions and specialized technology / equipment needs. As a consequence of this concept, health impairment was predominantly found; social isolation and feelings of social devaluation and dependence for the maintenance of life, among others. This thesis made possible the deepening of the discussion about the health needs of people with disabilities, and evidenced the use of conceptual maps as a technique for concept analysis of a study phenomenon.