Evidência de validação do instrumento de avaliação de necessida de saúde de pessoas com deficiência física auditiva e visual

Abstract

The objective is to seek evidence of validity of the instrument for the assessment of needs in health for people with physical disabilities, auditory and/or visual. This is a methodological study for development, content validation, validation semantics and appearance of an instrument of evaluative dimension. The process of construction and validation follows the precepts of Pasquali, following the steps of the polo theoretician, through two phases: 1) Identification of the settings pane and the operational construct and preparation of items that comprised the instrument called a tool for evaluation of health needs of people with physical disabilities, Auditory and Visual (IANC-PcDFAV), through integrative literature review performed in the first quarter of 2015 in databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, LILACS and SCOPUS; experience of researchers; and in the taxonomy of Health Needs Of Matsumoto and Cecílio; 2) The theoretical analysis of the items held in the period from September 2015 to May 2016, through two steps. Step 1 - Validation of content through Delphi Technique. In this step, we search through the Lattes platform, to identify health care professionals with expertise who acted as judges of the instrument. The sample consisted of 33 experts in Delphi 1 and 18 for Delphi 2. For data collection submitted via online, the form of specialists. The analysis by adopting the Content Validity Index (CVI) > 0.80 and Cronbach's alpha > 0.80. The Mann-Whitney test was used to investigate the differences between phases Delphi 1 and 2 with p > 0.05. Step 2 - Validation semantics and appearance we used random non-probabilistic by convenience with eight PWD, being two with physical disabilities, four with hearing disabilities and two with visual disabilities enrolled in three institutions to support the PWD in Mossoro/RN. There were applied three instruments: the ians-PcDFAV, the questionnaire DISABKIDS® - overall impression, and the questionnaire DISABKIDS® - specific prints. The analysis was based on descriptive statistics. They considered themselves the principles of Resolution 466/2012. In the process of validation of the content there was established in the first Delphi, it showed that five items of the scale demographic data and two items of the scale living conditions did not reach the index of content validity. The remaining items were agreed, with CVI ranging from 0.82 to 1. In the second round, once accepted the suggestions of the experts, all items assessed have achieved excellence. It showed significant differences in the dimensions of demographic data, living conditions and in domain 1. With respect to the average requirements for evaluation, all items obtained medium best in the second evaluation, with statistical significance (p= 0.026) in requirement usefulness/appropriateness and general assessment of the instrument (p= 0.031). The Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.884 in Delphi 1 and 0.825 in Delphi 2. With regard to the semantic validation and appearance, the instrument was evaluated as important and the items of the instrument were considered easy to understand. The answers generated changes in the construction of the items of the instrument. Thus, it is accepted the alternative hypothesis of the study, in which CVI, internal consistency and validation general semantics reached values above 0.80. The proposed instrument presents satisfactory values of validity and internal consistency, serving as a guide for the assessment of health needs of people with physical disabilities, auditory and/or visual.