Sistema financeiro e financiamento do setor agropecuário no contexto macroeconômico brasileiro: uma análise da evolução, magnitude e distribuição do crédito rural segundo as regiões, os produtos e os produtores (2000 – 2010)

Abstract

The institutional framework that guided the creation of the Brazilian agricultural model in recent years consisted of two basic strategies: on the one hand, prioritized large companies and cooperatives in order to export and thus the contribution of agriculture to the balance of trade; on the other, created special credit lines for the various types of family farming in Brazil. Therefore, the modernization strategy of the agricultural sector - both commercial as family - considered rural credit as its key instrument, alongside agricultural research, pricing policy and institutional markets. Given the above, the aim of this work is to understand how the relationship finance-funding for the Brazilian rural credit market is made, and, from this, analyze the use, magnitude and distribution of rural credit in Brazil, according to the regions, the products and producers. Thus, it is intended to provide an analysis of the relevance of rural credit in the macroeconomic adjustment strategy - generation and appropriation of the economic surplus of the primary sector - chased on the second term of Fernando Henrique Cardoso government, successful in the Lula government in the period 2003/2007, when strong trade surpluses, arising from these exports, exceeded the deficit of services of the "Current Account", making the surplus. Given the role conferred on agriculture within the national economic dynamics, and the strategic role of rural credit to strengthen this segment, it is asked as the research question: is macroeconomic policy that determines the direction of rural credit or priorities in the use of rural credit are determined by the dynamics of regional policy? In seeking to answer this question, bibliographic and documentary research were used. Data were collected on the Central Bank website (BACEN); the Ministry of Development, Industry and Foreign Trade (MDIC/ SECEX); IBGE Automatic Recovery System (SIDRA) and AGROSTAT - Brazilian Agribusiness Foreign Trade Statistics. The rural credit values series were duly organized and deflated by the price index for domestic wholesale-availability (IPA-DI). Hypothetically it is believed that is the macroeconomic policy that gives meaning and direction to rural credit. The regional policy of rural development and/or local priorities are subordinated to macroeconomic policy, in particular, the trade balance surplus of collateral. Thus, the rural credit focuses on large commodity producers, located in the most developed regions of the country.