Matemáticas elementares na Escola Normal de Natal legislação, programas de ensino, material didático (1908-1970)

Abstract

The research analyzes the history of mathematics teaching on Natal Normal School, Rio Grande do Norte, between 1908 and 1970. The objective was to provide a historical background about mathematics teaching on Natal Normal School, so that he could reveal some aspects the trajectory of arithmetic, geometry and design in the curriculum of primary teacher training on Natal Normal School in this period. Supports to the concepts used by the Cultural History, Burke (2004) and Thompson (2004), Chartier (1990). It is based on the assumptions of School Culture in Julia (2001) and others, and in the history of school subjects in Chervel (1990). We used as main sources of research photographs and other documents that are part of a repertoire of School Culture. These documentary sources were mainly found in the Higher Education Institute President Kennedy files in the RN State Public Archives, the Historical and Geographical Institute of the RN, and Cascudo house. The study showed that one of the first books mathematics texts prepared for the practice of primary education in the state of RN was "Numbering Exercises", based on intuitive method by Francisco Pinto de Abreu, professor and director of the Normal School Natal at the beginning of the twentieth century. And that education programs and teaching materials used in Natal Normal School had as a parameter in other Brazilian states, especially the states of São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro and Minas Gerais, as some documents reveal that the director Nestor Lima was in study mission to meet and bring these parameters for the establishment of RN programs. We also acknowledge that educational programs of the Normal School Natal during the study period consisted of three phases, the 1916, the 1938 and the 1969. And the main math textbooks used in the first half of the twentieth century were Elementary arithmetic Antonio Flag Trajano, Algebra School of FTD, Math Lessons Algacir Maeder, elementary algebra Antonio Flag Trajan. And in the second half of the twentieth century they were used textbooks and teaching manuals had pedagogical assumptions guided by the New School pedagogy and the Modern Mathematics Movement evidence. We show in this study that the teaching practice of the Normal School professorandos occurred in the Model School since its inception in 1908 until the early 1970s, in three phases that lingered from April to November in the last year of the course, and that in practice Arithmetic was where professorandos obtained lower results. We note that in 1958 Professor Course Malba Tahan at the Normal School had good response and was considered a breakthrough in the teaching of mathematics at the time. And although the pedagogical journals circulating in newborns and especially Pedagogium Magazine edited by the Association of Teachers RN gave support to the continuing education of teachers from 1921 and these magazines some math materials were quite significant for teaching time.