Ambiente hospitalar: clima organizacional x estresse na equipe de enfermagem

Abstract

Occupational stress is present in several work environments as a result of the constant technological, productive and social changes that occurred over the past few years. Thus, surveys fostering the discussion of the relationship of workers and of their workplaces are relevant as they allow us to identify aspects inherent to the work environment and enable a diagnosis of the main organizational needs that may lead to occupational stress. Accordingly, the study in question was aimed at analyzing the relationship between the organizational climate and the stress of the nursing team of a university hospital. This study was divided into two steps, with different methodological approaches for each of them. The first was made up of a cross-sectional study with quantitative approach. Data collection was performed in February 2015. The study sample had the participation of 319 nursing professionals who were inserted in the sectors of caring for hospitalized patients, namely: Medical Clinic and Surgical Clinic Facilities, Intensive Care, Surgical Center, and Dialysis. We applied the following tools: a sociodemographic questionnaire, the Lipp’s Inventory of Signs and Symptoms and the organizational climate assessment scale. The conducted analyzes were typified as univariate and bivariate, with a significance level of 5%. The second step of this study was typified as a cohort. It had the participation of 69 nursing professionals who worked up to three months in sectors for caring for adult patients of the aforementioned hospital. Data collection was performed from February 2015 to February 2016. Data analysis took place by means of survival analysis. It is worth highlighting that this study has followed the ethical and legal principles governing scientific research with human beings, devised by the National Health Council, and was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, through the Opinion 925.477, from December 18th, 2014, under the CAAE number: 273.935.146.000.0553-7. The results pointed out that stress was present in 22.5% of the investigated sample, where the phases of resistance and exhaustion stood out. The higher frequencies were found in workers aged up to 30, married, with children and who worked in the nursing wards during the morning shift. Regarding the organizational climate, it was possible to find that the factor related to work conditions was assessed as the most satisfactory among the surveyed professionals; however, the factor related to decision process was indicated as the most unsatisfactory. Regarding the analysis of the total organizational climate, we identified that the nursing professionals who worked for less than a year and that worked in closed sectors had a positive perception of the organizational climate of this institution. With respect to the relationship between the total organizational climate and the occupational stress of the nursing team, we found a statistically significant difference in which the professionals who had lower scores of the total organizational climate showed symptomatology of occupational stress. Moreover, the analysis of stress in nursing professionals in its first year of work in the institution demonstrated that 55% of professionals did not develop stress throughout a one-year period. Nevertheless, 45% showed stress at some point over the course of data collection. This fact was associated with a survival rate of 68% of not developing stress in the first three months of activity. Therefore, one can assert that the organizational climate of this work environment has an influence on the stress responses in the members of the investigated nursing team. Thus, we have concluded that the hospital environment in the surveyed context is conducive to reactions of tension and depletion in the nursing professionals, which results in signs and symptoms of stress.