Status de zinco e fatores de risco cardiometabólicos em indivíduos com síndrome metabólica

Abstract

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a multifactorial disease whose pathophysiological alterations might compromise zinc status. The aim of this study was to evaluate zinc status biomarkers and their associations with cardiometabolic risk factors in individuals with MS. This is a study case-control, developed with 88 adults and elderly with SM, according to the National Cholesterol Education Program - Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP / ATP-III), and 37 individuals without MS or other clinical condition with influence on zinc status. Clinical and anthropometric assessments were performed and lipid, glycemic, and inflammatory profiles were also obtained. It was evaluated zinc intake, plasma zinc, erythrocyte zinc, and urinary zinc excretion levels, by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Differences between groups were evaluated by regression models. Correlations were identified by Pearson coefficient (r). The average age of participants was 50 (11) years and 44 (11) years for the group of patients with MS and controls, respectively. The average energy intake was significantly higher in patients with MS (p = 0.003) and dietary intake in both groups was characterized as high percentage of protein intake, and a proper percentage of carbohydrate and fat intake. Zinc intake average was significantly lower in MS group compared with control group (6.57 (1.64) mg/day vs 9.37 (2.41) mg/day; p < 0,001). No significant differences were observed in plasma zinc levels (88.81(18.28) μg/dL vs 87.82(17.44) μg/dL; p > 0.05). It was found significantly higher erythrocyte zinc levels in the MS group (47.47(8.29) μg/gHb vs 41.43(7.37) μg/gHb;p < 0.001) independent from co-variable adjustments. Urinary zinc excretion level was significantly higher in the MS group (554.80(291.00-787.60) μg/24h vs 375.40(197.60-597.50) μg/24h; p = 0.008), and adjustments for age and sex explained 21% of the difference, (R2 = 0.21, p < 0.001). SM group were found significant associations between zincuria and fasting blood glucose level (r = 0.479), waist circumference (r = 0.253), triglyceride levels (r = 0.360), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels (r = 0.250), homeostatic model assessment - insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) (r = 0.223) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein levels (hs-PCR) (r =0.427) (all p <0.05). In SM we confirmed inadequacies in zinc intake and confirmed impairments in zinc status, characterized by increasing the erythrocytes zinc and higher zincuria, although plasma zinc levels were within the reference values. plasm zinc levels into references values. Alterations in cardiometabolic risk factors influence zincuria in patients with MS.