Existências dissidentes e apagamentos: fatores associados à ideação suicida em pessoas transgênero

Abstract

Introduction: Millions of suicides and parasuicides occur all over the world, every year, which are issues recognized as a Public Health priority. In the last decade, international researches have been demonstrating associations among psychological and social aspects in the suicidal behavior of transgender people. In Brazil, there are no researches that have tracked and evaluated the aspects associated to the Suicide Ideation (SI) among these people. Objective: To analyze the association among Suicidal Ideation and the aspects related to the issues: sociodemographic; healthillness; depression; violence and suicidal behavior in transgender people Method: This research presents a quantitative approach, descriptive-analytical and transversal type; which was developed with the collaboration of four Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) concerning the Civil Rights of Transvestite and Transsexual People in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. This population was constituted by 58 individuals. Data collection occurred between November, 2015 and June, 2016. Three specific instruments have been used: (1) Beck’s Suicidal Ideation Scale; (2) Beck Depression Inventory; and (3) a Questionnaire involving sociodemographic, health-illness, violence and suicide information behavior. The collected data were organized and stored in a database built in the software Microsoft Office Excel®version 2016, with double entry; these data were then imported into the software R version 3.3.1 to provide tests realization. Regarding the descriptive analysis, the following criteria were considered: relative and absolute frequency and measures of central and dispersion tendency. In order to verify the association among the variables, Pearson's Chi-Square Test of Independence was used, and when the prerequisites weren’t met, Fisher's Exact Test was applied instead. It was adopted a 5% significance level. The study was authorized by the collaborative NGOs, approved by the Research Ethics Committee, and all participants signed a Free Informed Term of Consent. Results: SI was detected in 41,38% of the participants, among them prevailed the following characteristics: transsexual gender identity (62,07%); young individuals – age range varying from 18 to 29 years old (68,97%); singles (81,03%); educational level – high school or lower (77,59%); black or brown race (68,97%); under prostitution activities (29,31%) or without any occupation (17,24%); and with a monthly income up to the Brazilian minimum wage (44,83%).It was verified an association, statistically significant, regarding the presence of SI and the following variables: depression levels (p=0,002); school violence (p=0,012); expulsion from the family environment due to the gender identity (p=0,020); suicide attempts background (p=0,008): and dying wishing intensity during the last suicide attempt (p=0,028). SI was not associated to the sociodemographic aspects, neither to the health-illness ones. Conclusions: The results alert to the need of interventions implementation, under an urgent status, which would aim SI control, as damage to the Public Health, on the researched population.