Avaliação do potencial anti-inflamatório de micropartículas contendo triancinolona no modelo de colite ulcerativa experimental

Abstract

The inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) encompasses a spectrum of chronic inflammatory disorders and is classified into two main subtypes: Ulcerative Colitis (UC) and Chron's Disease (CD). The treatment of UC is based on the use of anti-inflammatories, but these drugs in their conventional form generate numerous adverse effects, which stimulates the development of research focused on the search for new therapies and technologies applied to the drugs. The objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of microparticles coated by chitosan and guar gum biopolymers containing as active principle triamcinolone in intention to observe the anti-inflammatory response in the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of the intestinal mucosa. In total, 56 Wistar rats divided into 8 groups in 7 animals, being G1: Negative control (absence of colitis), G2: Colitis, G3: Sulfasalazine (SSZ 500mg/Kg/day), G4: Free triamcinolone (TR) 5mg/Kg/day, G5: Free TR 10mg/Kg/day, G6: Free TR 15mg/Kg/day, G7: Triamcinolone microparticle (15mg/Kg/day), G8: Biopolymers. The results obtained for the macroscopic evaluation showed that the lowest lesion degree, except for the negative control group, was found in the Biopolymer group and SSZ group when compared to the other groups: Colitis, TR 5mg, TR 10mg, TR 15mg and TR microparticle. In the statistical analysis of this parameter, the groups treated with SSZ 500mg/kg/day, TR 15mg/kg/day, TR microparticle 15mg/Kg/day and Biopolymers differed statistically when compared to the Colitis group (p<0.05), this difference being more significant in the Biopolymer group (p<0.01). In the analysis of weight loss, the TR microparticle reduced this parameter between 8 and 12% when compared to the free Triamcinolone groups, differing statistically (p<0.05), suggesting that the technology employed was satisfactory in terms of the reduction of this adverse effect. In the histopathological evaluation, the TR group 15mg/kg/day obtained the lowest tissue damage, evidencing the anti-inflammatory potential of the free drug. In view of the results, it is suggested that nanotechnology with the use of microparticles was able to reduce adverse effects, such as weight loss and, in addition, obtained results with a potential anti-inflammatory effect, despite the release of only 69% of 15mg of encapsulated triamcinolone in 24 hours. Thus, studies aimed at the application of nanotechnology and new assets should grow and expand in order to seek new therapies and elucidate mechanisms of action that have not yet been discovered.