A segurança do paciente sob a ótica dos profissionais de enfermagem intensivistas

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, patient safety has been emphasized worldwide due to the increasing number of adverse events, considered a problem inherent in the modern health care system. According to the World Health Organization, of every ten patients, one suffering damage / injury arising from supportive care, which are reflected in increased hospital costs and avoidable morbidity and mortality. The Intensive Care Unit (ICU), characterized by high complexity and specificity, is an environment conducive to the occurrence of adverse events, requiring more attention and technical and scientific staff training. So if asks-: As health professionals, nurses and nursing perceive patient safety? Objective: This research aims to understand the significance of patient safety in the hospital environment for nurses and technicians of Nursing. Methodology: descriptive / exploratory qualitative study with ethnomethodological approach, proposed by Harold Garfinkel. The survey was conducted at a university hospital in Natal / RN in the ICU sector in the period from August to September 2015. The sample consisted of a group of five nurses and five nursing technicians with experience in intensive care for at least two years. Data were collected through semi-structured individual interviews, which were recorded and analyzed using content analysis technique proposed by Bardin. The defined categories were: meaning of patient safety and humane care; daily practice in the intensive care unit; fragility for the development of patient safety and prospects for the safe handling. Results and Discussion: Research has shown that the security word is related to the recovery of the patient, their well-being, responsibility and quality of care provided by the multidisciplinary team. The types of damage most often cited were related to medication administration, procedures, the development of pressure ulcers and falls. The multiple factors that hinder the development of actions for care insurance include problems in the work process, such as lack of cooperation / team communication; insufficient resources; reduced number of professionals in contrast to the large number of students and professionals without experience; inappropriate and lack of incentive management. Therefore, professionals adopt as key strategies identifying the patient, infection control, care medication administration and prevention of pressure ulcers and falls. As suggestions were given training and staff training, and improvement of work processes, including updating protocols, availability of materials and equipment, and the maintenance of an adequate number of professionals. Conclusion: The significance of patient safety term goes beyond just protecting the damage to the patient. Despite the difficulties encountered in day to day work, the nursing staff can design a preventive vision and develop actions for the safety of responsibly patient, sensitive and ethics.