Análise da implementação do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar - PNAE no Município de Natal/RN a partir dos arranjos institucionais locais

Abstract

School feeding has been receiving highlighttin the last decades, consolidating itself as an essential law. PNAE was formalized in order to promote, by operational techniques an adequate meal from diversified and safe food, observing the traditions and cultural habits of each region, vigorously assisting the teaching-learning process and the progress in school performance of the Students, in addition to planning the development of healthy practices and food education, as well as community participation in the actions of the program. Although the institutional design of the PNAE determines the basic guidelines, especially objectives and goals that have to be developed, it is the executing city of the program that will lead to the implementation of public policy, articulating the program planning to the institutions that permeate the local scope, instituting new local arrangements in line with the particular way in which policy is coordinated in the course of thouhgout of implementation. In this study, it was proposed an analysis of the institutional arrangements of the PNAE in the city of Natal from the federal norms proposed and their transformations and in the local context, from the theoretical-methodological bias of the most recent studies about the institutional arrangements. The study was based on an analysis of the program design, its organization and specific characteristics, as well as operationalization at the local level, that is, the relation between normative structure and policy reproduction from analytical categories adapted to the present study . In order to achieve the objectives of the study , interviews were carried out with the main implementers of the program then four analytical categories were used that facilitated the realization of the aims of this study, federative relations, analyzing how the federal entities involved in the dynamics are articulated of the program, intersectorial relations exploring the horizontal articulation of the program, complementarity of policies and different sectors of the city, the understanding of managers from the discourses, observing how they understand the objectives and the importance of the program and finally the mechanisms PNAE policies, divided into participation mechanisms and external and internal control and oversight instruments. Finally, there was a cross-check information between the theoretical reference, observation of the context and articulation among the interviewees' discourses in order to understand the nature of the problem. By the analysis it was demonstrated the existence of several challenges and obstacles to be overcome such as low intersectoral articulation, absence of federative relations with other governmental spheres, besides lack of enablers instruments of social participation, difficulties that, if overcome, could contribute positively to a more successful implementation of PNAE in Natal. However, the program has been contributing significantly to the promotion of family farming and consequent local development in the city, besides being indispensable for the provision of school feeding of extreme importance for students of basic education. Some trained and interested implementers were also observed, requiring only the technical conditions and financial resources to execute the program in the best way. It is hoped that the information provided may guide corrective government actions of the weaknesses of the PNAE and of theown city studied, improving the program and also that they can direct deeper studies on the subject in question and inserting it as a priority in the political agendas.