Efeito do exercício aeróbio moderado em parâmetros bioquímicos e morfológicos causados pela nefropatia diabética em ratos

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a chronic condition that occurs when the body does not or can not efficiently use insulin and is marked by metabolic abnormalities and chronic complications. Currently, regular exercise, combined with diet and insulin therapy, has been considered one of the main approaches in the treatment of DM, whereas sedentary lifestyle presents itself as a predictor of complications and mortality. Recent studies have reported that physical exercise is capable of slowing the progression of kidney disease. However, most of the studies verified renal changes in DM only in the long term. In addition, knowledge about the effects of physical exercise on diabetic nephropathy is still scarce. This work aims to investigate the effect of moderate aerobic exercise on the morphofunctional and biochemical aspects of renal tissue in diabetic rats. Male Wistar rats were divided into the following groups (n = 12 / group): sedentary control (CS), trained control (CT), sedentary diabetic (DS), diabetic trained (DT) and diabetic Previously trained (DTP). DM was induced by streptozotocin (40mg / kg, i.p.). Soon after the confirmation of diabetes, the exercise program consisted of six weeks of swimming (3 days / week and 30 minutes / day) for the CT and DT groups. The DTP group underwent four weeks of previous exercise in relation to the beginning of the training of the other trained groups. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis (blood glucose, creatinine and albumin). The kidneys were collected for the histopathological analysis of renal parenchymal integrity (Hematoxylin and Eosin), formation of fibrotic tissue (Picrosirius rer). The animals in the diabetic group had a higher glycemic index when compared to the control groups (p <0.001). There was a significant reduction in trained diabetic groups (p <0.01). Creatinine was increased in all groups when compared to control (p <0.05). Albumin, as well as weight, were decreased in the diabetic groups, compared to the control group (p <0.05). The DM had renal hypertrophy in the diabetic groups, compared to the control groups (p <0.05), but there was a significant decrease in the animals with trained groups (p <0.01). A smaller decrease in the number of glomeruli and In the diabetic groups, when compared to the control groups (p <0.05). And exercise was efficient in reducing glomerular fibrosis and tubular fibrosis. The results show that the application of moderate aerobic exercise in animals of an experimental model type 1 diabetes was able to prevent and / or treat kidney damage caused by the disease.