Obtenção de extratos aquosos de polpa, casca e semente da fruta Atemoia (Annona cherimola x Annona squamosa l.): identificação de componentes bioativos de extratos aquosos, avaliação in vitro e in vivo de suas propriedades e preparação de suplementos funcionais a base de farinhas de polpa, casa e semente

Abstract

An exhibition of human food, biochemistry and mathematics, increase the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitrogen (RN). This elevation of ROS and RNS creates an oxidative stress, which can generate a series of pathophysiological problems. Biochemical studies report that dietary antioxidants have benefits in disease prevention. Fruits stand out for the great amount of bioactive substances with this beneficial activity. Nutrition is one of them, however, it has been little studied and it is not possible to know its chemical components (nutrients) and their effects on metabolism after its ingestion. Therefore, it is very important for the mechanisms of the reaction of the antioxidants present in the fruit to the redo with the reactive species. In this work, in vitro and in vivo assays, which include the formation of aqueous extract and flour of the parts of the seed, peel and pulp, quantification of proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds, as well as an evaluation of the presence of protease inhibitors and hemagglutinins, in addition to the antioxidant testes; total antioxidant capacity (CAT), hydroxyl radical sequestration (SRH), superoxide radical scavenging (SRS), metal chelation (QM), and biochemical and histological evaluation of oxidative stress in animals fed as parts of atemoia. A presence of protease inhibitors and agglutinins have been detected in atemoia extracts, these are necessary for use in the biotechnology or biomedical area, helping to prevent diseases or even genetic improvement of fruits. Extruders presented proteins, carbohydrates and phenolic compounds in their composition, a fact that suggests a synergy between these compounds, it is not an antioxidant effect, it is worth mentioning that the study supposes a presence of other substances not known, which may be influencing these effects . Already in vivo studies show a nontoxic effect of the extracts. The best in vivo results were obtained with seed extract. Thus, it is proposed that the extracts of atemoia have properties. Future studies should be carried out to become segmental and specific segments.