Uma análise da implantação e da funcionalidade dos projetos padrão do FNDE: a experiência das escolas infantis tipo "B" do proinfância em Natal/RN

Abstract

The education of children aged 0 to 5 years in day care and preschool has been increasingly valued in recent decades, as related the need of parents working outside as to reasons for the development of the child. By the way, the universalization of primary education has become an essential point for an effective learning in primary and secondary education, reducing repetition and increasing success in basic education. The Proinfância Program was created in this context, searching to expand the offer of basic education, besides offering support for the acquisition of equipment and furniture. Therefore, the research seeks to understand the implementation of day care's standard projects provided from FNDE and the adjustments for this building in the city's context. The FNDE provides, through this program, several standard projects for the construction of schools financed by the Union, a practice very common in Brazil. The point is that standard designs demands flexibility to allow adjustments to the site's unique conditions and produce a better architecture quality than nowadays, however, in this case, there is no space for changes. Therefore, the research seeks to understand the implementation of day care's standard projects provided from FNDE and the adjustments for this building in the city's context. The first step was the literature review, then, the technical analysis of the "type B" project, then the case studies in two institutions, including technical visits, interviews with school staff and with Municipality Education Secretary’s (SME) architects. The results of the school analysis shows that the standard design needs several revisions in order to improve your performance, mainly in many room areas, the appreciation of outsides areas, general environmental comfort, etc. In addition, the spaces needs more flexibility for layout and usability changes.