Contexto de trabalho e estresse ocupacional entre os profissionais de Enfermagem de um hospital universitário

Abstract

The Work, one of the central aspects of adult life, has undergone transformations over the years. These transformations bring with them certain consequences, especially for workers, such as stress, mental fatigue, depression, irritability, demotivation, poor performance, Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and postural problems. Of these, especially work-related stress, as well as the diseases that derive from it, are increasingly frequent, notably due to the nature and / or work context. In the scope of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN), in a research carried out in 2016 with the Health and Safety Information System of the Federal Public Service (SIAPE Saúde), it was verified that nursing professionals figure as the category with the highest of health care departures from mental and behavioral disorders. This data corroborates the numerous researches that point to the progressive increase of cases of illness among such group of workers. This study aimed at analyzing the work context and stress levels of nursing professionals at Hospital Onofre Lopes (HUOL), in order to verify the extent to which these aspects would be related to the development of psychic disorders and other diseases promoted by the work context, causing withdrawals from work. The aim was to identify their perception of their work, identifying the levels of stress and the main stressors they are subjected to, discussing the aspects that impact on the health and well-being of these professionals. The data were collected through literary and documentary research and use of the Work Context Scale (EACT) Scale at Work Stress (EET) instruments, these two instruments structured respectively to assess the work context and stress levels. The results indicate that in the studied context stress was considered moderate, due to the elements "autonomy and control; tasks and work environment, relationship with management, work relations, work stress and growth and valorization, "the latter being the most worrisome element in terms of results. As for the work context, the "work organization" dimension, consisting of items such as "insufficient number of people, repetitive tasks and excessive work rhythm", was shown to be the most critical in relation to the influence of the work context on stress got that. When comparing work leave with the way nursing workers evaluate their own context, a close relationship, a causal link, is evident between the organization of the work context and the impact on the stress of individuals. It is concluded, therefore, that the working conditions, together with the work organization and the socio-professional relations, act in a determinant way on the work context and, consequently, on the stress levels of the HUOL nursing professionals. We suggest a review of the management model, focusing on the relevant questions pointed out by the workers and evidenced in the results, in order to find the balance necessary to promote well-being and consequent reduction of withdrawal due to psychic illnesses.