Quantificação de células T gama delta em pacientes com neoplasias cervicais intra-epiteliais (NIC) e cancer cervical: contribuição do papilomavírus humano (HPV) e das citocinas próinflamatórias

Abstract

Invasive squamous cell carcinoma is resulting from progression of precursor pre-invasive lesions known as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN).In the United States (US), it is estimated that 12,990 new cases were diagnosed and 4,120 women will be cervical cancer victims in 2016.Estimates from the National Cancer Institute (INCA) for the year 2016 in Brazil indicate that cervical carcinoma being in 3rd place among 10 types of more incidents cancer, excluding the nonmelanoma skin. Evidence has implicated the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) as the primary etiologic agent of cervical cancer. The host's immune system in most cases (80- 90%) can eradicate the virus HPV, leaving only a smaller portion (10-20%) of women who will present a persistent infection framework, which may progress to cancer cervical. It is known that the evolution and emergence of cervical cancer are influenced by several endogenous and exogenous factors, among which: the host immune system, HPV oncogenicity, nutritional status, age, education, number of pregnancies, use of condoms, first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners over a lifetime, among others, are determining factors. Regarding the host immune response, recently, has been discussed the role of Tγδ cells, a subpopulation of cells of the innate immune system in different studies. It is known that your presence in the tumor microenvironment may play a role in the progression or inhibition of tumor. The role of Tγδ cells and their participation in the tumor microenvironment is not yet well established. The aim of this study was to quantify the percentage in peripheral blood Tγδ lymphocytes and correlate the groups of women with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. In addition, it is intended to correlate these variables with the presence of HPV, cytokines, demographic, clinical, laboratory and histopathological and evaluate the impact in the pathogenesis of cervical cancer. At first study moment it was observed that lymphocytes gamma delta T are in larger amount in the group of patients without cervical intraepithelial neoplasia compared with the other groups, but this difference was not statistically significant. However, still need to include in this study to quantify the Tγδ cells in patients with cervical cancer, HPV typing, the quantification of cytokines and assess whether there is a correlation with the cervical cancer patients in order to understand the role of these cells to the progression of cervical cancers.