Risco de movimentos de massa na Comunidade São José do Jacó, Município de Natal - RN / Brasil: da ocupação espacial à gestão de riscos de desastres

Abstract

Areas at risk of mass movements are considered one of the several demands for public management and present themselves in Brazilian society when, generally, in the face of territorial exclusion, new alternatives for popular housing appear on land that is not suitable for human occupation. The São José do Jacó Community, located in Natal / RN - Brazil, is considered an area of risk of mass movements by the Municipal Civil Defense, being marked by the occurrence of interdictions of residences, resistance of some families, tension between community and management, holding of public hearings, eviction proposals. Starting from the absence of studies on a scale of detail that take into account social aspects in the risk framework, not just physical aspects of the environment, the research had as main objective: to analyze the risk levels of mass movements in the São José do Jacó community, considering everything from space occupation to Disaster Risk Management, enabling contributions to decision making. The methodology is based on procedures and techniques that allow analysis on a detailed scale, through the use of indicators to elaborate the indexes of exposure, social vulnerability and risk (InEX, InV and InRISK). The methodology is divided into four phases: I) About knowing and characterizing, with field activities and geoprocessing procedures; II) About indicators and statistical standards, with selection / systematization of indicators and valuation of elements; III) About the indices, with the calculations; IV) About characterizing disaster risk management, through direct contact with public management. The results presented and discussed the products developed through the research, helping to understand the problem, they were: competency framework (Union, States and Municipalities), slope map, sector profiles, risk classification map, framework with critical and positively potential indicators existing in the community, profile of the performance of the Municipal Civil Defense in Disaster Risk Management, block diagram with proposed risk reduction measures, detailed tables of proposals. The products can be considered tools for public management, more precisely for Disaster Risk Management - DRM, given that the results indicated the priority areas for monitoring and implementing the Disaster Risk Reduction measures - DRR proposed by this research. Finally, the considerations presented the challenges and advances of the research, highlighted important aspects and indicated the possibility of a scenario in which the safe permanence of the residents of the community is a priority in decision making.