Abelhas e PANC: uso de espécies não convencionais como estratégia para manter a polinização em um sistema agroecológico urbano

Abstract

The need to plan the construction of cities in more sustainable ways is shown to be a importante fator to maintain the health and well-being of the population in the future. In order to contribute to urban sustainability, this work aimed to observe whether there is a visitation of the bee community (pollinators) in a joint agroecological crop (uniting PANC and conventional species), as well analyzing how the inclusion of non-conventional species in the crop alters the species richness in the bee community. We seek to understand how this cultivation model contributes so that the bee community can be presente in the urban matrix. Data were collected at the Laboratório Horta Nutrir (LHN), which is located at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte (behind the Departamento de Nutrição) and approximately 300 meters form an Integral Protection Conservation Unit, the Parque Estadual Dunas de Natal “Jornalista Luiz Maria Alves”. The Conservation Unit has approximately 1.172 hectares of Atlantic Forest and phytophysiognomy of shrub-tree dunes vegetation. We identified the bees through fotos and vídeos obtained form monitoring the species in bloom. To understand the dynamics presente in the interactions between pollinators and their respective host plants, three netwoks of interactions were made using the statistical analysis software “R”. We monitor 23 plant species, 11 of which are PANC and 12 are conventional. We identified 21 species of bees, belonging to 14 of genera and three families. The LHN, has shown to have great potential to attract native species. In addition to the great wealth of pollinating species seen at the site, nesting sites were also observed in the LHN perimeter. The PANC spicies contributed a lot to the presence of beed species, as we report five pollinating species (23.5%) visiting Only PANC plants on the site. We show that urban agroecological cultivation is a great strategy to offer floral resources within cities. With this strategy, we created ways to maintain a bee community presente in urban habitats. For enabling connectivity between habitat patches, allowing colonization in the vicinity of a large fragmente of Atlantic Forest. As a consequence, the bee Community obtains the potential to occupy more comprehensive areas.