Construção e validação de protocolo gráfico para o cuidado seguro na vacinação em criança menor de 1 ano de idade

Abstract

The Brazilian National Immunization Program intends to contribute to the control and eradication of immunopreventable diseases through the standardization and availability of vaccines from the basic vaccination schedules in the public health network of the Unified Health System. Nonetheless, the expansion of the number of available vaccines and vaccination coverage has generated an increase in the incidence rates of Immunization Errors, defined as any avoidable event that can cause or lead to an inappropriate use of any immunobiological agent or cause harm to a patient. Therefore, it is necessary to develop and implement tools to standardize care regarding the technique of vaccine administration. From this perspective, the current study was intended to construct and validate a graphic protocol for safe care in the vaccination of children under 1 year of age. This is an applied research for the development of a technological product, with a quantitative approach, aimed at the construction and validation of content and appearance of the graphic protocol, which used the Pasquali’s psychometric reference, through the following steps: 1) Theoretical procedures, through a scoping review to identify and map the evidence on knowledge, attitudes and practices in health that subsidized the elaboration of the content on safe care in the vaccination of children under 1 year of age; 2) Empirical procedures, with the construction and structuring of the graphic protocol through the Canva application (2013); 3) Validation of the content and appearance in the Delphi step, which took place via Google Forms with expert judges in the area of immunization, in order to obtain consensus; and 4) Analytical procedures, where the analysis of the data was performed by means of the content validation coefficient. The study complied with the ethical precepts in research with human beings described in Resolution 466/2012 of the National Health Council and is in accordance with the guidelines for procedures in research with any step in a virtual environment, with approval from the Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, certified by opinion nº 4.812.554. In the results, the items with a minimum agreement of 70% among the judges were considered valid. After the construction and structuring of the graphic protocol, the Delphi step was carried out with the answers of 13 judges, with a view to validating its content and appearance, based on adapted Pasquali’s criteria: behavior, objectivity, simplicity, clarity, relevance, accuracy, variety, modality, typicality, credibility, amplitude and balance. The level of agreement among the judges and the validation of the content and appearance reached final values of 0.92. From the judges’ analysis, it was concluded that the constructed graphic protocol was considered an important support and strengthening instrument for safe nursing care in the vaccination of children under 1 year of age.