Análise e projeto de antenas de microfita em substratos cerífereos para aplicações em sistemas IEEE 802.11ax

Abstract

The needs of new wireless communication systems demand radiating devices with increasingly stable and reliable. In recent years, several proposed solutions are observed in the literature to improve the performance of planar antennas applied in modern wireless communication systems. This work proposes, in an innovative way, the use of wax substrates as a biodegradable and low-cost solution, with many application possibilities for the development of miniaturized microstrip antennas. Planar antennas were developed for applications in IEEE 802.11 ax protocol. Throughout this work, the process of characterization of the proposed material, fabrication of substrates, design and manufacture of the proposed antennas, numerical analysis and experimental characterization will be presented. Four types of wax substrates based on carnauba wax were selected, and the main characteristics were determined through analysis of the material's electrical properties, X-ray diffraction and thermogravimetry. With the results of the characterization of the substrates, the radiating devices were designed and numerically analyzed by the Finite Element method, using Ansys HFSS® software. The antennas were experimentally characterized in the frequency range from 1 GHz to 8.5 GHz, where it was possible to verify that the material used as substrate showed stability and good properties for applications in planar circuits such as microstrip antennas. It is also added the possibility of miniaturization of the radiant elements with the use of carnauba wax as a substrate, when compared with the same structure designed in a standard commercial substrate such as FR4, a miniaturization factor of 44.5% in volume was achieved of A1 antenna, and a 70% reduction in the copper area of A2 antenna.