Geografia e Direito: a interface norma e território na Política de Segurança Pública do Piauí

Abstract

The issue of Public Security is one of the most distressing issues in our society and one of the most complex to resolve. The growth of crime and recurring security crises are part of the debate on violence in Brazil, and the role that public policies play in controlling it makes the issue one of the main political agendas in the country today. These public policies are constructed based on issuesthat involve different fields of knowledge and clashes of interests. In this sense, this research starts from the understanding of the territorial processes which involve policies that mobilize efforts to control crime, taking as a presupposition the active role of space in the social totality and its relationship with other instances, as fundamental elements for the analysis of public security. In this study, the relationship with the legal authority was emphasized. This is because the basis of public security policy is the political territory, understood as the jurisdiction of a State. Given this, the objective was to understand the relationship between Geography and Law based on the interface between the territorial and normative dimensions in Piauí's public security policy. To beacon our analyses, we sought support in the conception of used territory, regulated territory and territorial configuration, categories of analysis based on Milton Santos' theory of geographic space (1994). The theory of Situational Strategic Planning - SSP (MATUS, 2005) was also used to support discussions on the theoretical validity of the concept of territory in Piauí's security policy. The study of the normative dimension, as well as the way in which the concept of norm is constituted in the epistemological dimension of Law, was mediated by Boaventura de Sousa Santos (1988, 2014), Löic Wacquant (2007; 2008) and Sérgio Adorno (1999, 2006), among others. Regarding to methodological procedures, in addition to bibliographical research, a documentary survey was carried out specifically focused on the laws and regulations that regulate public safety in Piauí. Finally, a proposal for analytical cartography was also developed. It is concluded that the norm in the relationship between the use of territory and public security is presented in the legal dimension, the laws of the place and anomie. There is a cognitive conflict in the Piauí State Security Plan that denotes geographic blindness and the lack of strategic planning. From the analytical cartography presented, it was verified that the organization of security infrastructures in space is selective and reaffirms territorial exclusion and the formation of archipelagos of social and territorial inequalities in Piauí. It was also possible to see the need to strengthen the triad of planning, management and monitoring. Geographically, the close relationship between the use of territory and the norm in the planning and implementation of public security policies was evident. In this way, it can be stated that the territory and the interface with the normative dimension constitute a geographical heuristic angle that allows spatializing the phenomena of violence and thinking about them in conjunction with territorial qualities as a relevant factor in the search for policy development security systems that are more efficient and coherent with the reality of the territories.