Aspectos epidemiológicos da dengue no estado da Paraíba no período de 2011 a 2014

Abstract

Dengue is an infectious disease caused by an arbovirus (genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae), mainly transmitted by mosquitoes of the species Aedes aegypti. There are four different serotypes of dengue virus: (DENV-1, DENV-2, DENV-3 and DENV-4), which occurs mostly in tropical and subtropical areas of the world, including Brazil. Dengue infection is now considered a serious public health problem worldwide. According to the World Health Organization, about 50-100 million people are infected annually in more than 100 countries worldwide. The objective of this study was to analyze the epidemiology of dengue in the state of Paraiba, in the 2011 to 2014 period. A descriptive study was conducted, which used secondary data recorded in the SINAN of Paraiba, where the reported cases were analyzed according to variables such as gender, age, education, serotype involved viruses, months of notification, clinical classification and evolution of disease. From 2011 to 2014 in Paraiba were reported 53 373 suspected cases of dengue, of which 52.5% (28,020) were confirmed. In 2011 have been confirmed 53.4% (8,646) of cases in 2012 confirmed cases were equivalent to 60% (6867), the year 2013 recorded 48% (8827) and in 2014 with 49.6% (3,680). There was a predominance of infection in females, which was equivalent to 58% of cases. The age of patients with confirmed diagnosis ranged from 1 to 60, average age 35, in which the age group between 18-60 years accounted for 64.2% of cases. When analyzing the evolution of the disease, it was observed that 89% of patients with confirmed diagnosis of dengue develop to cure. There were 48 deaths in this period. The DENV-1 serotype was predominant from 2011 to 2013, followed by DENV-4. The classic dengue classification was equivalent to 86.4% of cases. The complication rate was recorded in only 1.3% of cases, these 0.5% were classified as dengue hemorrhagic fever and 0.06% as of dengue shock syndrome. The months of notification of the disease were higher in the first half of the year, with higher incidence during the months from March to June. Our findings offer insights into the understanding the dengue problem in the state of Paraiba, Brazil.