Fatores de risco para escoliose em escolares: um estudo casocontrole

Abstract

Introduction. Scoliosis is characterized by three-dimensional, with deviations in the sagittal, coronal, and horizontal planes. School constitute them as a risk group for this deformity by going through the growth spurt phase of growth, coupled with other factors such as sitting for long periods of time, asymmetric straps on school backpacks and/or backpacks overloaded with school supplies, the use of inappropriate footwear, and other factors. Considering the limited literature addressing the risk factors for scoliosis, this study aims to analyze the risk factors for scoliosis in school. Methodology. This is a case-control study in schoolchildren of Santa Cruz a Northeastern city in Brazil. We evaluated the presence of scoliosis, physical activity, competitive sports practice and postural habits. In order to identify factors risk with scoliosis, were estimated odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (95%) were estimated by means of conditional multiple logistic regression. A significance level of 5% was used. Results. Seventy-eight pairs participated in the study, totaling 156 students, including 86 girls and the average age of 13.88 years. In conditional logistic regression, physical activity bivariate analysis showed statistical significance (p = 0.041) showing that those who practiced little physical activity (irregularly active) have more risk of having scoliosis when compared with active children (OR: 2.64; 95% CI: 1.18 to 5.89), however when compared with sedentary school there was no statistical significance (p = 0.893). This significance remained in the adjusted model, to be set by competitive sports practice and backpack transport. The other variables were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Low physical activity is presented as a risk factor for scoliosis in school and may indicate a physical activity as a protective factor for scoliosis.