Interface Ecologia-Comportamento&SIG: avaliações instrumentais, qualidade cartográfica e soluções técnicas para a geração de bases cartográficas aplicadas à primatologia

Abstract

The geographical spatial of behavioral interactions to spatially structured ecological niche, or ecological background, provides a 'living' point contact between Ecology and Evolution. The production of cartographic databases for multidisciplinary interface Ecology, Behavior & GIS, constitutes a scenario motivating, opportunistic and challenging. For Primatology in particular the challenges of the products derived from that interface are mostly linked to the trade-offs between location accuracy and field studies limitations. In this sense, are demanded quality certification metrics formalizing indicators of potential discrepancies between the imaging data, landscape structure and animal positioning capable of compromising ecological and behavioral patterns with spatial dependence. In order to meet these demands, this thesis aims to bring to the Primatology assessment tools errors and quality of cartographic databases derived from images of remote sensing and GNSS positioning. To achieve the objectives were developed: 1. Theoretical Review with integrative approach to the body of the thesis; 2. Evaluation of geometric correction models for high spatial resolution remote sensing images; 3. GNSS positioning assessment in forested areas, and 4. Magnitude’s assessment of cartographic scale of imagery products with hight spatial scale and GNSS positioning methods in forest areas. The results of geometric correction modeled by satellite images showed antagonistic scenarios (Google Maps without geometric corrections – optimistic scenario 1 – and Geoeye 1 sensor with robust orthorectification – conservative scenario 1) are statistically equivalent (Turkey HSD: p = 0.95) and feasible at the same work scale: 1:25.000, class B (PEC-PCD95%), which allows working with magnitude of error limited between 7.5 to 12.5m. As GNSS positioning assessment in forested areas, the analysis showed three different patterns: 1. Horizontal accuracy independence of methodological complexity; 2. RTK method ineffective; 3. Vertical accuracy dependent on carrier phase. It was also observed that the methods of positioning C/A code, autonomous, GPS, instant (optimistic scenario 2) and carrier phase (L1 and L2) GNSS (GPS and GLONASS), and multipath soluctions (Floodlight technology – Trimble®) with acquisition times of up to 15' (conservative scenario 2) have the same scale of planimetric mapping 1: 25.000, class B (PEC-PCD95%). In literature, it is observed that the quality of cartographic databases derived from satellite images is dependent on the quality control data (DEMs: spatial resolution, accuracy; GCPs: number, accuracy, spatial distribution), while the quality of positioning by GNSS in forested areas is a nebulous issue due to different settings of control data. The results of this thesis demonstrate feasibility of geometric modeling for high spatial resolution remote sensing images at low cost and quality equivalence of planimetric data for GNSS in forested area. Finally, it is understood that the products developed in this thesis contribute to the formalization of instrumental models of generation and correction of cartographic bases of high resolution images and GNSS positioning in forested areas, responding to trade-offs between quality and feasibility mapping to Primatology by accuracy assessment determination of suitable cartographic scale based on magnitude of errors.