Desenvolvimento tecnológico de dispositivo de treinamento do ciclo respiratório (TCR) e evidências sobre treinamento de músculos inspiratórios na doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica

Abstract

Respiratory muscles are one of the essential cornerstone of ventilation. Alterations in its structure and morphology in subjects with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) could influence symptoms and signs such as dyspnea, ineffective coughing, exercise intolerance and respiratory failure. Respiratory Muscular Training (RMT), especially inspiratory muscles training, as a threshold modality, has been used for more than 30 years as adjuvant therapy in healthy individuals and patients with COPD. A wide variety of RMT devices are available commercially, but they are imported, have a high cost and their characteristics are intended for the individual training of muscle groups or have inadequate loads adjustments for COPD patients. Although several systematic reviews have been carried out since 1992 on the effects of IMT in subjects with COPD and some evidence has been proposed, some considerations should be made about these revisions.The methodological failures in the search strategy for previous reviews and the low methodological quality of the included studies contributed to the establishment of weak evidence on the benefits of the IMT. Aim: to develop a Respiratory Cycle Training (RCT) device, integrated for inspiratory and expiratory muscles, to verify the acute effects of different combinations of inspiratory and/or expiratory loads in the respiratory muscle activity, kinematics of the chest wall and dynamics of pulmonary volumes in healthy subjects with a device similar to that developed, as well as to analyze the evidence of the effects of IMT on dyspnea and exercise capacity in subjects with COPD. Methodology: involved three research modalities: i) the technological development of the RCT device, ii) cross-sectional study, and iii) systematic review associated with the meta-analysis. Results: i) creation of a technological innovation product applied to health, called "Respiratory Cycle Training equipment (RCT) with threshold load", with patent filing at INPI (BR 1020160253047); ii) through a cross-sectional study, commercially available equipment for inspiratory and / or expiratory muscle training is not capable of adequately triggering an increase in the electrical activity of respiratory muscles, although it causes changes in the current volumes of the chest wall and its compartments; and (iii) a scientific paper entitled "Inspiratory muscle training for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease", showing that although IMT combined with standardized care alone versus standardized care alone provides improved quality of life and that IMT combined with Pulmonary Rehabilitation versus Pulmonary Rehabilitation induces reduction in dyspnea in individuals with COPD, but there is not conclusive evidence to support or refute IMT in patients with COPD. Conclusion: The present study substantiates the need to construct a new RMT equipment for inspiratory and expiratory muscles, as well as provides subsidies for the development of future studies to investigate a new type of RMT, called TCR, with knowledge production in the area of biotechnology. In addition, it contributes to clinical, political and financial decision making regarding the inclusion or not of IMT as a therapeutic modality for subjects with COPD.