Estudo de comportamento térmico e compósito à base de gesso e vermiculita

Abstract

A composite based on gypsum and vermiculite was developed to be used as thermal insulation material in building elements. In the composition of the mixture, the addition of vermiculite in substitution of gypsum in the following proportions was considered: 0% ("standard"), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20%. Two water / gypsum (A / G) ratios were considered in the production of the mixtures: 0.45 and 0.80. Cylindrical test proof body were fabricated to determine the thermal properties of the mixtures. The thermal properties were determined using the KD - 2 Pro meter manufactured by Decagon Devices Inc. The following parameters were measured: conductivity, resistivity, diffusivity and volumetric heat capacity. To study the thermal performance, flat bodies were produced with flat plate format. Each plate was attached to the top of a thermally insulated test chamber. Thermocouples were installed on the faces of the plates, inside and at the base of the chamber. They were then connected to a data acquisition system connected to a computer. The chambers, with each mixing composition, were mounted under a source of artificial thermal radiation located inside a heated room. From the results of the tests, graphs were constructed to compare the thermal parameters and thermal performance of each composition. Based on the results of the tests, it was determined that, in relation to the common gypsum, the composite developed showed: lower specific mass, reduction of thermal conductivity and increase of thermal resistivity as a function of the increase of vermiculite content added to the mixture and greater capacity Thermal insulation. The combination of these characteristics makes the composite developed usable as a material for the production of constructive elements that provide reduction of the thermal load inside the buildings due to the solar radiation incident on the opaque closures and, consequently, better conservation of energy.