Insuficiência cardíaca, saúde autorreferida e prática de exercício físico no Brasil: estudo de prevalência com dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, 2013

Abstract

Background: Heart failure (HF) is one of the most important current clinical challenges in the area of global health, with epidemic profile in progress. In this sense, self-rated health (SRH), as well as physical exercise (PE), have been used as measures of health monitoring and treatment of this disease, respectively. SRH is a predictor of morbidity and mortality and to analysis is categorized into good self-rated health (SRH G) and poor (SRH P). On the other hand, PE emerged as one of the pillars in the handling of the HF, but despite the high evidence on their benefits, the adherence to this practice estimated that is low in Brazil. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HF and association with SRH and PE practice in Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study that used data from the National Health Survey (NHS) held in 2013, with valid data to 59,655 adults (≥ 18 years). The prevalence of HF, assessed by question "Some doctor gave you the diagnosis of HF?", related to sociodemographics, health perception (SRH, perceptions of physical and mental health), diagnosis of depression, practice of PE and PE barriers. Descriptive analyses were performed, bivariate and multivariate. The final model of the association between HF and SRH P was tested by Poisson regression with robust variance. For PE svy command was used, in order to consider the sample weights and expand the results for the brazilian population. Results: The diagnosis of HF was referenced by 1.1% of respondents. It was observed that having the medical diagnosis of HF increases by four times the chance of having worse perception of health (OR = 4.17; 95%CI 3.65–4.76), however this measure reduces to less than half, when adjusted for age and perception of physical health (OR = 1.78; 95%CI 1.52–2.08). Individuals with HF have had over 80% chance of not practicing PE in the last 3 months. Retirees have done more PE than non-retirees (2.77%; 95%CI 1.51–4.04). On the participation of individuals with HF in a public program of PE, the prevalence of which did not participate in was 15% higher in relation to individuals who participated in this program. It was observed that the main barrier to health/disability, followed by the physical barrier and the behavioral barrier.