Influência da utilização de resíduo de cerâmica vermelha nas propriedades de argamassas mistas

Abstract

The manufacture of construction materials requires high energy expenditure and extraction of natural resources, which implies the generation of disturbing environmental impacts, due to the production of gaseous and solid residues, as well as disastrous changes of the environment. In this context, there is a drawback of the use of Portland cement, due to the high energy consumption and emission of carbon dioxide caused by the calcination of the raw material. Other polluting material is that of the red ceramic industry, which emits gaseous waste and still gives rise to too much solid waste due to failures in the production process. On the other hand, in ancient times, thermally treated clays, even in the form of finely ground ceramic bricks, were widely used because of the recognized hydraulic properties that conferred lime mortars. Thus, this study intends to evaluate the influence of the red ceramic residue (CVR) from tiles in the properties of mixed mortars, so that a suitable destination can be given to this residue. The RCV, after being comminuted in particles smaller than 0.036 mm, was added in partial replacement to Portland cement in the 1: 1: 6 (cement: lime: sand) of mixed mortars used in laying of walls and covering of walls and ceilings. Initially the residue was characterized and its pozzolanic activity was investigated by means of mechanical tests, grain size, thermogravimetric and microstructural analyzes. The substitution content of the mortars was varied in 0, 10, 20 and 30% and their properties in the dry state (consistency, density, voids content and water retention) and in the hardened state (water absorption, density, resistance to flexure and compression tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity) were evaluated. It was verified that the RCV has a significant amount of reactive silicates and aluminates, evidenced by the significant pozzolanic activity that was identified in the chemical and physical analyzes and in the mechanical performance index 11% higher than the reference value. In the production of mortars with RCV, an improvement in the workability demonstrated by the optimization of the fresh state properties obtained in the Portland cement substitution levels was obtained. In the hardened state the physical and mechanical properties of RCV mortars were equivalent to reference mortar for the traces with 20% and 30% substitution and significant improvements for the trait with 10% replacement of the Portland cement by RCV. With this, it is verified that the pozzolana obtained from the RCV is a potential Pozolana that results in the improvement of the properties of the mortar in the fresh and hardened state, being the content of 10% the most indicated due to the optimization of all the properties.