Química computacional aplicada ao estudo de estrutura e reatividade de quinoxalinas biologicamente relevantes

Abstract

Quinoxaline are part of a family of heterocyclic compounds with a wide spectra of applications in many subjects, for instance biological activities. Nowadays, quantum chemistry methods has been proving of particular importance, in order to shed light on the electronic structure and the thermodynamics of many of such heterocyclic molecules, among them quinoxaline. In this work, we shall investigate such properties using three Density Functional Theory (DFT) based approaches. First, we have studied the geometries, electronic structure and energies of 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX), an important antagonist for the glutamate receptor iGluR2, deeply related with processes of learning and memory. In particular, from those possible DNQX investigated, the minima is found as being the diamide form. We have also carried out a study concerning the pKa of formation for both mono and dianionics, in gas phase and solution, by means of a few different methodologies. In the following chapter, we have investigated the nucleophilic substitution reaction between 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione (DNQX) and amino alcohols, namely: ethanolamine and diethanolamine, in DMF. We have calculated the free energy change associated to formation of all relevant products. The results are presented in terms of geometries, based on previous works, from which was possible to find enough evidences suggesting that such processes happen by means of concerted reactions for double substitution of chlorine atoms either by ethanolamine and diethanolamine. Moreover, the values of ΔG of formation and activation tends to demonstrate that cyclic products are preferable. Finally, we have evaluated the structure and thermodynamics of several complex of Cu (II) with N-(2-aminophenyl)-3-[(1S,2S)-1,2,3-trihydroxy-propyl]quinoxaline-2-carboxamide (AAQX), in order to proper understand the metal-quinoxalinedione interaction via formation of a complex metal-ligand 2:1. Due the size of the complex, all calculations were performed using a hybrid DFT/semi-empirical approach, to reduce the computational effort. The results show tetrahedral geometries being more favorable and substitution of a ligand by water giving rise to unstable complexes. All along this work DFT has been heavily used in order to investigate the properties of quinoxalinedione-like derivatives.