Proposição do diagnóstico de enfermagem atraso no desenvolvimento: análise de conteúdo e validação clínica

Abstract

The objective of the study is to analyze the content and accuracy measures of the diagnostic proposal of nursing Delay in the development in adolescents in the school environment. Adolescent health care is a major challenge due to the many changes that occurred in adolescence. It is necessary to focus on the peculiarities of this age through evaluation of development. For nurses, it can be operationalized by the nursing process, through the appropriate clinical reasoning for this condition. In this perspective, it is a methodological study directed by two stages: content analysis and clinical validation. The first stage was developed with nine specialists, between January and February of 2017, who evaluated, through the focus group, the components of this diagnosis. In the second stage, the clinical indicators with the best accuracy for Developmental Delay were identified. The sample consisted of teenagers from the state schools of Natal / RN, distributed in the four zones - north, south, east and west, including 385 students from eight state institutions (two schools from each area). Data were collected from July to September 2017, including the pre-test of the data collection instrument, performed in two institutions, with 10% of the expected sample (39 students). The statistical data was performed in IBM SPSS Statistic version 20.0 for Windows resulting in absolute and relative percentages for categorical variables, and in central measures and dispersion for numerical variables, with normality verified by the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (p <0.05) . The statistical association of the related factors was based on Fisher's and Chi-square tests. The accuracy of the clinical indicators was verified by measures of sensitivity and specificity with latent class model construction. The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee of the responsible institution, under opinion 1,662,528 and Certificate of Presentation for Ethical Appraisal 57945016.4.0000.5537. The results of the content analysis showed that the number of factors related to developmental delay increased from 16 terms to 18 due to the reallocation of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and insertion of psychological trauma to compose the antecedents. Clinical indicators went from 14 terms to 12, by exclusion of "Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder" and "Difficulty of Expressing Emotions". Regarding the results of clinical validation, a prevalence of Delay in the development of 18.26% was found. It was identified that all the clinical indicators analyzed in the study were specific to the diagnostic proposal studied, however, none were sensitive. It is concluded that the proposed diagnosis was validated by the specialists, as well as was present in adolescents in the school environment. It is hoped, therefore, to contribute to the strengthening of the public policy focused on adolescent health, the clinical reasoning of nurses and the insertion of the nursing diagnosis "Delay in development" in NANDA International taxonomy.