Modelo básico de processo de projeto de engenharia para empresas construtoras de edificações verticais: em busca da redução de incompatibilidade entre os projetos na realidade sequencial dos processos construtivos

Abstract

Within the production patterns in which civil construction is based, there is the consumption of a considerable portion of exhaustible natural resources, and this industry is also responsible for significant losses in its production processes with large generation of waste at world levels. Results from several researches in the area point out that significant cause of losses, reflected in an increase in the generation of Civil Construction Waste (CCW), are the incompatibilities between the projects, which are only detected at the time of construction. Thus, to eliminate or minimize the avoidable losses (waste), it is necessary to act in the origin of the cause of its occurrence, being able to be from conception (design phase) to the production phase (building execution). In this scenario, considering the stage of project development (design phase) as the starting point of the constructions and that its processes exert influence in all constructive process and final product, through an exploratory-descriptive study, with a qualitative approach, the objective of this study was to propose an engineering design process model for vertical building companies, seeking to reduce the problems of project incompatibilities in reality, sequential construction processes. The research universe consisted of three construction companies, which were registered with Sinduscon-JP and, at the time of the research, had construction site. As a way of achieving the proposed objective, it was necessary to know the problems and the project processes of the construction companies participating in the study, identifying the flow of information (inputs, outputs and controls), the interrelationships among process components design), contrasting them with the models of processes in the literature. At the end of the study, it was possible to develop a basic design process model with the clear delineation of the actions to be developed by the agents of the design process, according to the reality already practiced in the companies, supporting the future application, emphasizing the activities of critical analysis, compatibility and approval of the projects, also proposing the use of information technology to assist the communication and coordination of projects, in the form of the use of data sharing tools. By comparing the proposed model with the reference models, it is consistent for application in the local reality, providing a broad view of the whole process, enabling improvements in faulty or non-existent management, increasing the participation and communication among process agents, reflecting in compatible with distribution and alteration control, reducing the problems that cause losses in the execution of the building.