A razão do sábio não temer a morte na filosofia de Arthur Schopenhauer

Abstract

The present work intends to investigate a possible connection between the themes wisdom of life and fear of death in the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer. This work is based on the studies of The World as Will and Representation (1819-1844) Vol. I and II, and the Aphorisms on the Wisdom of Life (1851). In the 1st chapter, we will make a historical review of some philosophical antecedents on the problem of wisdom against the fear of death and, in the last subsection, we will explain some influences of Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) on the philosophy of Schopenhauer concerning the distinction between Will and Phenomenon. In the 2nd chapter, we intend to cross the Aphorism on the Wisdom of Life (1851) and characterology of the World. Initially, we aim to distinguish the practical reason from the wisdom of life, then we are going to clarify that the characteristics of the Wise in Schopenhauer’s work can be found in The World, but they can only be developed on the Aphorisms. Regarding the Characterology, or the three ways of acknowledging the same character (intelligible, empirical and acquired), it will be investigated the ontological bases which provide the existence of the Wise and what distinguish it from the regular human. In the 3rd chapter, we will emphasize the considerations of Schopenhauer regarding the relation between Men and Death, seeking to understand the origin of the fear of death and if there is any wisdom capable of easing this fear. At the end, we will make a mapping of the types of death present in Schopenhauerian philosophy.