Análise da Paisagem e Dinâmica Socioeconômica e Ambiental na Região da Área de Proteção Ambiental da Barra do Rio Mamanguape – PB

Abstract

This work aimed to identify and spatialize the area of direct hydrological influence of mangroves, its landscape dynamics and the socioeconomic aspects of the Environmental Protection Area of the Barra do Rio Mamanguape, during the period of fifteen years (2001-2016). With this objective the work identified the area of direct hydrological influence (AIH) in the EPA mangroves, as well as the main drainage lines that form the outflow network of its mangrove; analyzed some morphometric parameters and Landscape Ecology to identify environmental fragilities of the identified basins; analyzed the dynamics of the use and occupation of land in timescale of 15 years through technical and metrics of landscape analysis; and analyzed the socioeconomic dynamics on a 10-year time scale (censuses 2000 and 2010). After the research, it was verified that, among the analyzed basins, the Mamanguape basin has morphometric parameters and land uses that threaten the homeorresis of the natural ecosystems. A significant reduction (7,529 ha) of the Natural Ecosystems during the period was also observed. The lack of planning, supervision, opportunities to earn income from the communities, in addition to social risk situations contributed to this. There was also some strong dynamics in the socioeconomic parameters analyzed in all six municipalities inserted in the AIH. The funds cutting by the Federal Government for ICMBio which manages the protected area influences the preventive and environmental education. The deprivation of substantive liberties negatively influences social-environmental relations through the extractive use of unplanned natural resources. Joint actions between organized civil society and public power at all levels are needed to strengthen sustainable local development with participatory management. Solid information was generated for planning actions to mitigate negative impacts and for conserving natural resources and for the responsible agencies supervision. Considering the socioeconomic dynamics through the evaluation of census data carried out by IBGE, it is conclusive that the fragilities in the different communities were identified. Thus, important data were generated for the State and other institutions in the search for solutions to socioeconomic problems that directly interfere in the conservation of natural resources.