Conhecimentos e habilidades de acadêmicos de enfermagem no cuidado à pessoa com lesão cutânea: evidências de validade de instrumentos

Abstract

The instruments to evaluate the knowledge and skills of nursing students in caring for the person with cutaneous lesionneed to be validated in order to qualify the nursing care provided and propose improvements in the teaching-learning process of this subject. This study had as general purpose to analyze the evidence of validity of the knowledge and skills instruments in the care to the person with cutaneous lesion for nursing academics. The study was developed between April 2017 and April 2018 at the Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte (UFRN) with nursing students enrolled in the discipline of Semiology and Semiotechnical Nursing and professionals of the Research Group Incubator of Nursing Procedures (GPIPE). A total of 117 nursing students and 38 professionals participated in the study, although in the validation stage of the skills instrument, 109 students participated. The instruments used were a questionnaire applied before and after the nursing care classes in the healing process and a checklist applied at the beginning of the practical class and at the end of the class, after orientations. For the analysis of the questionnaire, the indexes of difficulty and discrimination were used, according to the Classical Test Theory, and for the checklist the percentage of correct answers, being considered adequate a percentage ≥ 70%, and the percentage of increase of the abilities, being adopted Alpha of Cronbach (α)> 0.70. The information was analyzed in SPSS 21.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics, using Pearson's Chi-square and Signal Tests, with p ≤ 0.05 as statistical significance.The research obtained a favorable opinion from the Research Ethics Committee of the University Hospital Onofre Lopes (CAAE nº: 0002.0.294.000-10). In the first stage of application of the questionnaire, of the 10 questions 06 presented low level of difficulty before the classes, and 09 after the classes, besides 08 questions that need to be revised regarding the discriminative power. Obtained α = 0, 515 before classes and α =0.040 after classes. After two stages of review of the questionnaire, according to the researchers of the study and the GPIPE's suggestions and the application of the final questionnaire to the academics, we obtained 05 questions with medium level of difficulty, 03 with low level, 02 with high level of difficulty and 05 questions with satisfactory discriminative power before the classes, besides a reduction of questions with need of revision after the classes. Obtained α = 0.405 before classes and α = 0.517 after classes. As for the application of the checklist, out of a total of 20 items, only 01 presented a percentage of correctness above 70% before the guidelines. After the orientations, 19 items showed an increase of the abilities, being this significant difference in 17 items. Obtained α = 0.703 before the orientations and α = 0.857 after orientations. In this way, the null hypothesis is rejected and the alternative hypothesis is accepted, when affirming that the instruments of evaluation of knowledge and skills of nursing students in the care of the person with cutaneous lesion, when applied to the target public, have evidence of validity, although the questionnaire still needs refinement for later revalidation.