Qualidade do sono, funcionalidade e suas associações clínicas em mulheres sobreviventes ao câncer de mama

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (CM) is one of the main health problems among women, which can have an impact on morbidity and mortality. Currently breast cancer has great chances of cure, due to the early diagnosis and the less aggressive and more effective treatments, which still provoke deleterious effects. These include impairments in sleep quality and functionality, which contribute negatively to the health of women surviving CM. There was a lack of similar studies related to the subject. Objective: To identify sleep problems and functional impairments and their clinical associations in women survivors of breast cancer and out of clinical treatment. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study of 32 women who survived CM at least one year after the clinical treatment between January and September 2018. Data collection instruments consisted of general and clinical information of the disease and the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0) questionnaires; Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Fatigue (FACT-F); Disabilities of the arm and Shoulder (DASH); International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ, short version), plus the six-minute walk test (6MWT). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 20.0. The Shapiro-Wilk test was applied for the normality of the data and the Cronbach's alpha test (α), Spearman's and Pearson's correlation, the Student's t test and the Mann Whitney U test were used. The clinical effect was analyzed by Cohen's d and to verify the association of the data the bivariate linear regression test was used. We adopted p <0.05 for all tests. Results: Among the main outcomes, it is worth noting that there is a prevalence of women who survived breast cancer with sleep problems (71.9%) and functional limitations for the upper limb (90.6%), even after the end of clinical treatment and throughout the disease-free survival. Poor sleep is correlated with subjective sleep quality (rs = 0.769), sleep disturbances (rs = 0.624), sleep latency (rs = 0.625), sleep duration (rs = 0.581), and sleep disturbances during the day (rs = 0.654), and functional limitation with cognition (rs = 0.758), mobility (rs = 0.709), domestic activity / labor (rs = 0.718) and participation (r = 0.701). We observed a significant difference in sleep quality with worse scores for the FACT-F, DASH and WHODAS 2.0 scales, as well as the functional limitation with the worst scores for the DASH, FACT-F and PSQI scales (p <0.05). It was also observed that poor sleep was a predictor of worse scores for FACT-F, DASH and WHODAS 2.0 (p <0.05). Conclusions: The findings demonstrate that poor sleep is a predictor of worse scores for fatigue, quality of life, functional performance of the upper limbs and functionality, and that higher levels of deficiency affect lower scores for functional performance of the upper limbs, fatigue, quality of life and quality of sleep, demonstrating the negative impacts of sleep precarisation and the functionality of these women, denoting the relevance and urgency of inclusion of aspects related to sleep and functionality and their clinical associations in the clinical evaluations and therapeutic behaviors directed at women surviving cancer of breast.