Política cultural: a implementação do Sistema Nacional de Cultura no Município de Macapá/AP - 2006-2016

Abstract

The Cultural Policy is the theme of this research and its object is the implementation of the National Culture System (NCS), in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá. The National Culture System (NCS), created by a specific law - Art. 216-A of the Constitutional Amendment No. 71, of November the 29th 2012, is the main articulator of the National Culture Plan (NCP) that, in its turn, establishes mechanisms of shared management between the federated entities and civil society and determines the goals and strategic guidelines for the qualification of the public cultural policies in the country. The research "Cultural policy: the implementation of the National Cultural System in the city of Macapá / AP, 2006-2016" had the objective of evaluating the implementation of the National Culture System (NCS) in the city of Macapá, state of Amapá, during a period of ten years (2006 to 2016). Specifically, the objectives were: a) to compare the results obtained with the implementation of the policy decision formulated (the policy) in its beginning; b) to evaluate the main actions that guided the Culture Policy in the city of Macapá and its level of integration and complementarity to the National Culture Policy (NCP), based on the principles and values that govern the current NCP; and, c) to evaluate the involvement and participation of agents and interest groups, seeking to discover what kind of relationships and established interactions are presented with relevance and predominance of logic in the reality of Macapá. Methodologically, this research consisted of a bibliographical review of the literature pertinent to cultural policy and public policies and its evaluation approaches that focuses on the denominated public policy cycle, specifically on the implementation phase and, from a systemic perspective of the process, on the importance that the concept of systems acquires in organizational studies. Considering the conceptual acceptance of the Ministry of Culture on the dimensions of culture - symbolic, citizen and economic - this research sought to absorb, in the universe researched, one of those three perseptions. The field research was conducted through interviews and consultations with two mayors from the period in question; seven managers of the culture, in two hierarchical levels (level of coordination of organ and technical-operational level), and, among these, was considered end area and middle area; artists and intellectuals of society organized in associations, collectives and groups, in a total of sixteen representative units; and two private service providers, Sesc and Sebrae. The result obtained with the research showed that the culture policy of Macapá from 2006 to 2008 gained some autonomy with the transformation of a department linked to the Municipal Department of Education and Culture and became the Municipal Culture Coordination (COMCULT) although culture has constituted itself as a "flagship" in the political will of this management and is emphatic to cultural diversity, it has not been implemented along the lines of the NCS. In the subsequent management, from 2009 to 2012, a contradiction is emphatic: Comcult ascended to the Municipal Foundation of Culture (FUMCULT), but in practice, culture policy suffered a total rupture and its marks were the discontinuity and lack of formulation and political will. In 2013, with the new elected municipal administration, Fumcult resumes the policy of culture already with the initial intention in favor of being guided by the SNC. Until 2016, the macapaense culture policy was in the process of implementing the regulatory mechanisms, the Municipal Cultural System Law - in which the implantation of the Municipal Culture System (MCS) was foreseen, with the constitution of all its mechanisms of action - and, therefore, we infer that the NCS and SMC in Macapá, until 2016, was in the initial process of implementation.