Plural: anteprojeto de uma escola pública integral de ensino infantil com referência na base nacional comum curricular

Abstract

This professional master's conclusion document has as its starting point the relationship between architecture and education, defining the target audience children from two to six years old. The master general objective is to elaborate the preliminary draft of a Public Institution of Childhood Education based on the understanding of the Base Curricular Comum Nacional (Common National Curricular Base - BNCC) a rule that defines the set of learnings to be developed throughout the Primary Education. In the stage of Childhood Education, the BNCC defines five learning fields to help the teacher in planning his pedagogical practice: (i) the self, the other and us; (ii) body, gestures and movements; (iii) strokes, sounds, colors and shapes; (iv) listening, speaking, thinking and imagining; (v) space, time, quantities, relationships and transformations. Considering such learning, the architectural design of a school must be developed to enhance the objectives of those fields of children's experience, being versatile, permeable and susceptible to changes due to the different activities developed. Architecture is understood as a facilitator of the relationship between the school and the local population, a dialogue that can happen through the formal composition, the care with the landscaping, the creation of living spaces, as other aspects. To delimit the architectural proposal, the following stages were done: (a) theoretical and conceptual deepening of the theme, through bibliographic research and studies of project references; (b) architectural programming, with definition of project dilemmas and goals, predimensioning, definition of concept and architectural starting point; (c) development of the architectural proposal through multimethods procedures involving analog and digital ways. The main result of this work is the preliminary architectural draft of the Escola Plural (Plural School). Designed based on the tangram concept, the building lot has 22,345.38m², located in the context of a free area of the neighborhood. The built area has 2.500,02m2, to be executed with reinforced concrete structure and closures in cellular concrete. The proposal has a floor plan, sections, façades and a electronic model, accompanied by the memory of the activity and descriptive information and justifications of the main design decisions. For greater contact between the school and the community, a preliminary study is also presented for the occupation of the surrounding area.