Machado, Flávia Christiane de AzevedoJustino, Dayane Caroliny PereiraLopes, Monique da SilvaAndrade, Fábia Barbosa de2023-11-082023-11-082021JUSTINO, Dayane Caroliny Pereira; LOPES, Monique da Silva; MACHADO, Flávia Christiane de Azevedo; ANDRADE, Fábia Barbosa de. Assessment of the causes of infant morbidity and mortality in Brazil. O Mundo da Saúde, [S.l.], v. 45, p. 152-161, 1 jan. 2021. Centro Universitario Sao Camilo - Sao Paulo. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202145152161. Disponível em: https://revistamundodasaude.emnuvens.com.br/mundodasaude/article/view/1060. Acesso em: 20 out. 2023.e1980-3990https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/55225Child health is one of the world’s priorities, and to give attention to the health of this population, health actions have been enlisted to guarantee integral childcare. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the major causes of hospitalization and infant mortality and their correlation with care indicators. This is an ecological study of a temporal trend, with a spatial analysis, in which data collection was performed at the Department of Informatics of the Unified Health System, where a descriptive analysis was performed in the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and a spatial analysis in TerraView and GeoDa programs. The results revealed that there was a reduction over the period studied in the indicators of illness and death; however, it also showed that the main causes are due to conditions related to Primary Health Care, namely: diseases of the respiratory system and some conditions originating in the perinatal period. In the spatial analysis, a high autocorrelation was observed in the Midwest, Southeast and Southern regions of the aforementioned causes. When correlated with the variables of Primary Care coverage and childcare consultations, a high correlation was also observed in the Midwest, Southeast, and Southern regions. It is concluded that Primary Health Care needs to advance and be strengthened, but there is still a need to reduce factors of child morbidity and mortality and analyze social factors in the occurrence of preventable diseases in Primary Health CareAttribution 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/br/saúde da criançacausalidademorbidademortalidadearticlehttp://dx.doi.org/10.15343/0104-7809.202145152161