Araújo, Juliana Bacelar deSilva, Joana Priscila Barbosa da2023-04-102023-04-102022-06-29SILVA, Joana Priscila Barbosa da. Pandemia e Auxílio Emergencial em 2020: os efeitos nas disparidades intrarregionais de renda no Nordeste a partir da decomposição do índice de GINI. Orientador: Juliana Bacelar de Araújo. 2022. 118f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Economia) - Centro de Ciências Sociais Aplicadas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2022.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/52079The issue of income disparities present in the Northeast is not something new. The Northeast is a heterogeneous region, formed by nine states: Alagoas, Bahia, Ceará, Maranhão, Paraíba, Pernambuco, Piauí, Rio Grande do Norte and Sergipe (CARVALHO, 2001). This heterogeneity originates in the processes of human and economic occupation, and it is possible to highlight, according to Araújo (1997), several divergent socioeconomic subsets within the region. In 2020, a pandemic, known as the New Coronavirus pandemic, shook the world and the country, with reflexes, also, in the Northeast. Besides showing such heterogeneities, the pandemic resulted in an economic and social crisis, imposing the need for a set of measures, among them: those of social isolation to prevent the proliferation of the virus and those associated with the protection of employment and income. According to Trovão and Araújo (2020), the coronavirus crisis has shaken all segments of the labor market, both formal and informal work. The present dissertation aims to analyze the impact in 2020 of the pandemic and the importance of emergency aid for inequality of per capita household income (DPRK), measured by the Gini Index, for all states in the Northeast region. To carry out this study we estimate the Gini Index, as well as its decomposition from the various sources of income, based on the methodology presented by Hoffman (2009). To achieve this goal, we used as a data source, the monthly microdata from the National Household Sample Survey - PNAD COVID19, for the months of May 2020 to November 2020, and the annual microdata from the National Continuous Household Sample Survey - PNADC, for the years 2019 and 2020, from IBGE. Although these bases are not comparable to each other, the choice to use the two is justified as a way to analyze two aspects of the new reality imposed by the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic. With the PNAD COVID-19 we seek to understand what happened to income disparities in the region over the first year of the pandemic, while the PNADC will show us a comparison between before and during the pandemic. To carry out this study, a regional division was proposed from three clippings, based on the similarities of productive structure, population concentration and degree of poverty and/or wealth of the states. The states of the region were divided into the following groups: I) Bahia, Pernambuco and Ceará; II) Maranhão and Piauí and; III) Sergipe, Alagoas, Paraíba and Rio Grande do Norte. It is also intended to observe what role the Emergency Aid implemented in 2020 played in mitigating these disparities. We recognize the existence of more than one program for income maintenance in the pandemic period of 2020, but the choice made for this work was to focus on the analysis of the Emergency Aid because of its amplitude. This aid was implemented to contemplate informal workers, individual microentrepreneurs (MEI) and the most vulnerable population who are beneficiaries of cash transfer programs such as Bolsa Família (PBF). From the results obtained by means of the PNAD COVID19 microdata, the presence of the emergency aid in 2020 points to an initial trend towards a reduction in income inequalities in all the Northeastern states, but with a reversal at the subsequent moment (second trend). The first trend is related to the implementation of the program and the payment of the first five installments in the amounts of R$ 1,200/ R$ 600; the second occurs, in a generalized way, after the reduction of these amounts to R$ 600/ R$ 300, starting in September. With the results obtained by PNADC, a reality is observed for the Northeast and its states in two distinct moments: the pre-pandemic year of 2019 and, later, the pandemic year of 2020. These data reveal a drop in the Gini Index throughout the Northeast region between 2019 and 2020, also highlighting the importance of the Emergency Aid in this process. In addition, they demonstrate the growth of progressivity for the Gini of incomes associated with Social Protection in the Northeast and most states in 2020.Acesso AbertoDesigualdade de rendaNordesteAuxílio emergencialPandemiaCoronavírusmasterThesisCNPQ::CIENCIAS SOCIAIS APLICADAS::ECONOMIA