Souza, Cimone Rozendo deSantos, Christiane Fernandes dos2022-11-292022-11-292022-06-29SANTOS, Christiane Fernandes dos. Você tem sede de quê? O programa de cisternas na promoção da segurança alimentar no semiárido brasileiro. Orientador: Cimone Rozendo de Souza. 2022. 167f. Tese (Doutorado em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2022.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/49927The drought that permeates the northeastern semi-arid region, although it has a natural character, triggers several social, economic and political problems expressed mainly by hunger, migrations, spread of diseases and even deaths. For decades, the discourse on combating drought has been the basis for the design of public policies, however, its results were not enough to solve the problem. At the end of the 1990s, with the strengthening discourse on coexistence with the semi-arid region, the problem of water began to be seen under a new bias, as it was observed that the main cause was not the scarcity, but the forms of distribution, storage and governance of that resource. Within this context, the Articulation of the Semi-Arid (ASA) developed the Formation and Social Mobilization Program for interaction with the Semi-Arid Region: One Million Rural Cisterns, instigating the adoption of the culture of water storage, initially for human consumption, through the One Million Rural Cisterns Program (P1MC) and, later, for food production, through the One Land and Two Waters (P1+2). Thus, the question that guided the study in question was structured as follows: how have cistern programs managed to democratize access to water, guarantee food security and to be a pedagogical instrument for expanding the autonomy of beneficiaries? Therefore, the analysis was centered on the P1MC and P1+2. The main objective was to analyze how the technologies coming from these programs have favored access to water and food and, consequently, reflected in the food security of the beneficiary families. To this end, this Thesis is organized into four main parts: the first deals with the theoretical and methodological aspects of the research (introduction, theoretical foundation and methodological aspects); the other parts consist of the elaboration of three articles whose purpose was to reflect the specific objectives of the research. The first article, entitled “You thirst for what? Cistern programs in the Brazilian semi-arid region as development devices'' aimed to analyze the evolution of the implementation process of the cistern programs in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, pointing out the possible implications of the dismantling of this policy for rural families in the Potiguar semi-arid region. Based on a documentary and bibliographic review, the trajectory of execution of these programs was reconstructed and the state of the art was also developed, presenting the possible scenarios and consequences of their emptying. This article showed that cistern programs have important contributions to family farming, which are expressed in different dimensions: political, social, economic. The inclusive character of the action and its mobilizing capacity were highlighted, built through the valorization of knowledge and local reality. The reference to improving the population's quality of life is prominent in the studies, which began with access to water for consumption and, later, enabled agroecological production, expanding the possibilities of food security. However, the discontinuity of this politics means depriving thousands of poor peasants from expanding their capacities. The second article, “P1+2 and food (in)security in the northeastern semi-arid region”, sought to understand how P1+2 expanded access to water and food, and how this is reflected in food security and in the different forms of freedom of the beneficiary families. Through a literature and document review, the development policies for the Northeast were contextualized, as well as the Program's trajectory and its contributions to the beneficiary families. The analysis was made from the perspective of development as freedom, by Sen (2010). It was evidenced that the Program has important contributions, above all, for the food security of the beneficiary families. However, its discontinuity represents a scenario of deprivation of protective security, social opportunities and people's individual freedoms. Finally, the article “Beyond food security: cistern programs from the perspective of coloniality/decoloniality” aimed to reflect on how P1+2 promotes decolonial processes based on access to water and food. As a methodological resource, a literature and documental review was carried out, as well as interviews with representatives of two executing units of the Program and with 42 beneficiary families. The field research was carried out in the Sertão do Apodi Territory, in the State of Rio Grande do Norte (RN). The analysis was based on the understanding of coloniality/decoloniality as discussed by Maldonado-Torres (2007) and Castro-Gómez (2012), among others. In this way, it was possible to observe that P1+2 presents itself as an instrument of decoloniality since it represents the conquest of a whole struggle that was made – and is still being done – in favor of access, control and management of water and food for food sovereignty. This process is based on other epistemological logics that are built based on the ecology of knowledge, as discussed by Santos (2007), allowing families to break the hierarchies that were built for decades in the fields of knowledge, power and being through policies implemented from the perspective of combating drought and agricultural modernization. Despite expressing the importance of the program as an instrument of decoloniality, it was possible to perceive some limiting elements, such as, for example: the financial difficulty of the families to assume the compensation required by the Program; the dependence of families in relation to the municipal government to pay for the energy of the pumps that supply the cisterns and, also, for their refueling in periods of drought; and the need to buy water in a certain period of the year. The study presents an interdisciplinary approach, since it mobilizes readings and reflections from different areas of knowledge. In general, it was evidenced that the P1MC and the P1+2 allow access to water and food, contributing to the food security of the beneficiary families, constituting themselves as important instruments of decoloniality and freedom.Acesso AbertoAgricultura familiarSegurança alimentarP1MCP1+2ColonialidadedoctoralThesisCNPQ::CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS