Andrade, Fabia Barbosa dePinheiro, Josilene Maria Ferreira2021-05-182021-05-182021-03-10PINHEIRO, Josilene Maria Ferreira. Avaliação do acesso às ações assistenciais no período neonatal. 2021. 185f. Tese (Doutorado em Saúde Coletiva) - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2021.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/32537The neonatal period requires qualified attention, given the newborn’s susceptibility to adversities. This study was intended to evaluate the access the implementation of the care actions recommended by the Brazilian Ministry of Health for the neonatal period and its associations with institutional characteristics and demographic partners. A cohort study was held in four public maternity hospitals in the city of Natal/RN, Brazil. The sample consisted of 415 mother/child binomials, being full-term newborns, weight ≥ 2.5 kg and Apgar ≥ 7.0. Data collection took place 48 hours after birth (in person), with seven days and 28 days of life (by telephone call). From the obtained data, five studies were developed, three cross-sectional, one longitudinal; and, in view of the current context of Covid-19, a revisão narrativa. The studies addressed the following issues related to the care actions for the newborn and the continuity of care in the neonatal period; the prevalence of the five neonatal screening tests; the determinants of the supply of complement to breast milk in the first 48 hours of life; the feeding practices in the neonatal period and the challenges to maintain exclusive breastfeeding in the face of the Covid-19. The statistical analysis included applications of Pearson’s chi-square and multiple Poisson regression, with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI). Of the 415 binomials initially assessed, there was a loss of 13.7% in the second period and 16.6% in the third period. The mothers, mostly, were in the age group of 20 to 29 years (46.5%), were married or lived in a stable relationship (79.0%) and had high school or higher education (65.3%). As for the newborn, most (52.5%) were male, with an average gestational age of 39.2 ±1,3 weeks and birth weight of 3.310 ± 478,6g. The main results of the studies should be highlighted: (1) Of the 29 actions performed in the maternity ward and 11 in Primary Health Care, 20% were classified as satisfactory, 50% partial and 30% unsatisfactory. The adequacy of composite care indicators was associated with multiparous women undergoing vaginal delivery, usual risk maternity hospitals. Among these actions, the prevalence of the five tests was 36.6%, associated with mothers living in the state capital (PR = 1.36; 95% CI = 1.18-1.56) and with those who received guidance at the maternity hospitals (PR = 1.30; 95% CI = 1.08-1.67). Half of the newborns received complementary breast milk, being 57.6% in the first hour of life and 92% with artificial formula, which was associated with maternal age ≤ 20 years (PR = 0.64; 95% CI = 0.47-0.86), primiparity (PR=1.37; 95% CI=1.11-1.60) and cesarean (PR = 1.2; 95% CI = 1.00-1.45). Early weaning occurred in 8.4% of newborns in the first week and in 16.2% at the end of the 28 days, being associated with the absence of paternal support (RR: 4.98; CI: 2.54- 9.79) and the use of a pacifier (RR = 3.2, CI: 1.63-6.32) seven days, and only using a pacifier (RR = 2.48, CI: 1.53-4.02) at 28 days. (5) The new coronavirus pandemic is still a controversial issue that, given the uncertainties, may compromise team/family/mother/newborn interaction, as well as breastfeeding, in the first hours of life. The results underline the need to restructure care and readjust good practices that favor comprehensive and longitudinal care of the newborn.Acesso AbertoRecém-nascidoSaúde da criançaServiços de saúde da criançaCuidado da criançadoctoralThesis