Lima, Sérgio Maia QueirozLira, Mateus Germano Souza2020-09-092020-09-092019-02-26LIRA, Mateus Germano Souza. Os peixes anfíbios do complexo Kryptolebias marmoratus (Cyprinodontiformes: Cynolebiidae) nos manguezais neotropicais: história natural, distribuição geográfica e ecologia evolutiva. 2019. 61f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Sistemática e Evolução) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2019.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/30002The Cynolebiidae family, belonging to the order Cyprinodontiformes, known for the peculiar annual and non-annual fish, make up a diverse group of small fish that live in temporary or shallow perennial aquatic environments. With about 350 valid species and wide geographical distribution in various microhabitats. Among non-annual strains is a monophyletic group of the genus Kryptolebias, composed of seven valid nominal species, occurring from Florida in the United States to Santa Catarina in Brazil. Within the genus, we highlight the group of species K. marmoratus (K. hermaphroditus, K. marmoratus and K. ocellatus) exclusive of estuarine regions. These strains have a confusing taxonomy, with uncertain diagnosis and geographical distribution, due to the incompatibility of morphological and molecular information. Therefore, a large sampling along the mangroves of the Brazilian coast has been done in the last years to survey molecular, morphological and ecological data, in order to determine which species occur in the country and their geographical distribution, as well as to provide original ecological data of these strains. We sampled localities recorded in articles and online databases, including the standard locality, as well as new records, including some protected areas. All collections were actively performed with hand sieves, as well as collections with standardized effort in delimited plots, environmental data measurements and accompanying fauna, providing ecological information. With the obtained data, the areas of occurrence of the species of the K. marmoratus complex for Brazil were expanded. The southern clade (K. hermaphroditus) boundary was expanded about 300 km south at the ESEC Jureia-Itatins in São Paulo and the Central clade approximately 1,590 km south at the Marajó river basin in Pará. New records were made beyond Pará, Piauí, Ceará, Bahia, Sergipe. K. hermaphroditus populations that presented individuals with male phenotype were only recorded in southeastern localities that presented extreme abiotic data, which raises the hypothesis that the loss of environmental integrity may trigger developmental triggers that result in primary males. The alleged gaps in the Brazilian mangroves show that the species does indeed have a wide geographical distribution, but occupies a specific microhabitat, composed of shallow pools that are difficult to access and often neglected by ichthyologists. These are the first standardized ecological data of K. hermaphroditus, a species that due to its reproductive and physiological peculiarities has high potential for experimental and environmental studies. The molecular data pointed to a greater genetic diversity in the northeast populations, and an extreme homogeneity in the southeast with a single haplotype, besides indicating that the individuals from Pará are inserted in the Central clade, indicating the presence of two distinct K. marmoratus strains. in northern Brazil. Three strains on the Brazilian coast associated with tidal regimes (north macrotidal, northeastern mesotidal, and southeast microtidal) were identified. Thus, the morphological differences found in a previous study may indicate a separation of populations, rather than species, between the southeast and northeast, which may be enhanced by the peculiar individual reproduction of this group of vertebrates.Acesso AbertoKryptolebias hermaphroditusHermafroditismoConservaçãoMicro-habitatFilogeografiaEcologiamasterThesis