Alves, Monique Gabriela das Chagas FaustinoLeão, Liane Emília Viana da Silva2018-12-112021-10-062018-12-112021-10-062018LEÃO, Liane Emília Viana da Silva. Avaliação do processo de extração e do potencial antioxidante dos extratos solúveis em água do cogumelo Calvatia bicolor (Lév.) Kreisel. 2018. 58 f. Monografia (Graduação em Biomedicina) - Curso de Biomedicina. Centro de Biociências. Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2018.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/43136Mushrooms are macrofungi whose fruiting bodies can be seen with naked eye. C. bicolor is a mushroom belonging to a group called gasteroid, characterized by the passive dispersion of the spores. Several bioactive compounds of mushrooms have already been described in the literature because of their pharmacological activities; however, the species of the genus Calvatia are still little studied. The present study is a pioneering experiment that contributes to the elucidation about the biotechnological potential of specimens from this genus. In this work, were performed different extraction methods to determine the best way to obtain polysaccharides from C. bicolor and also the physicochemical charaterization of the extracts and to evaluate their antioxidant activities. The gleba of the fungus C. bicolor was triturated and submitted to delipidation with ethanol (E), ethanol and acetone (A), or ethanol and chloroform / methanol 1: 1 (CM) generating three types of triturated glebas which were submitted to hot aqueous extraction (EAQ: 0.25 M NaCl, 100 ° C, 3 h) or proteolytic digestion (PROT: 0.25 M NaCl, pH 8, 60°C, 18 h). The six extracts were identified as EAQ-E, EAQ-CM, EAQ-A, PROT-E, PROT-CM and PROT-A. The water-soluble portions of these extracts were evaluated regarding to yield, chemical composition, electrophoretic profile and antioxidant activity by the DPPH radical, reducing power and copper chelating assays. The average yield of dry mass of the EAQ and PROT extracts were between 118 to 157 mg and 53 to 122 mg, respectively. The dry mass of water soluble EAQ and PROT extracts yields between 5 to 7 mg and 9 to 14 mg, respectively. The extracts with the highest yields were EAQ-CM, EAQ-A and PROT-A. The sugar content of the extracts ranged between 14 and 29 % with the highest percentage of PROT-A. The protein content varied between 15 to 29 %. Phenolic compounds and sulfate are present in extracts in low amounts ranging from 0.7 to 1.3 % and 1.6 to 3.5 %, respectively. According to monosaccharide composition and agarose gel electrophoresis, the extracts of C. bicolor consist of sulfated heteroglucans with traces of galactose, suggesting the presence of sulfate associated to the polysaccharides, an unusual finding in fungal polysaccharides. Indeed, FTIR analysis and FT-Raman of the extracts indicate characteristic -glucan and sulfate ester signals, suggesting that the sulfates groups are bound to polysaccharide. In all extracts, was verified inhibitory action on DPPH radical above 45%, with the highest potential attributed to PROT-A extract (71.59%). The higher reducing power and cooper chelating action were observed for EAQ-A (40.63%) and PROT-A (49.21%), respectively. Based on the data obtained, the best way to obtain water-soluble extracts with larger sugar/protein ratio and antioxidant action from C. bicolor was the one that used proteolytic digestion of the delipidated gleba with ethanol and acetone, since PROT-A extract exhibited the highest yield of water-soluble portion, sugar/protein ratio and antioxidant potential.Gasteroid fungusHeteroglucanDPPHReducing powerFungos gasteroidesHeteroglucanaPoder redutorQuelação de cobreEROSbachelorThesis