Lopes, Priscila Fabiana MacedoDamasio, Ludmila de Melo Alves2020-11-302020-11-302020-01-22DAMASIO, Ludmila de Melo Alves. Uso de indicadores ecológicos e socioeconômicos para avaliar mudanças na pesca. 2020. 97f. Tese (Doutorado em Ecologia) - Centro de Biociências, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2020.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/30788Fish and seafood obtained through extractive fishing are one of the main direct-use ecosystem services provided by the oceans, which would justify the need to properly regulate and manage fishing. This regulation and this management, in principle, should be made from multispecific data, capable of portraying an activity that involves ecological, economic and social aspects. In Brazilian reality, however, fishing data tend to be few or nonexistent, and multidisciplinary approaches are still rare. In this context, this thesis aimed to use ecological, social and economic indicators and variables to evaluate, changes in fisheries and their impacts on fishermen's incomes, which have occurred over the past 20 years using two spatial and temporal scales: 1) macro-scale: all over Brazil, with the objective of evaluating global changes in a long time series (1950-2010); 2) regional scale: eight fishing communities in Rio Grande do Norte and Ceará, to assess more specific changes in the last 20 years (1994 - 2014). The analyzes were made using a set of different methodological tools and robust statistics capable of dealing with temporal and spatial limitations in the data (interviews with fisher's memory data, Species Distribution Models, and convergence analysis of ecosystem indicators). For the macro-scale data, we use specially the reconstruction of the fishing catches, available in the Sea Around Us database. For the data on a regional scale, we use information obtained through semi-structured interviews, the same data from the reconstruction of catches, data from first resale of fish (database also provided by Sea Around Us) and environmental data (bioOracle). These two scales of analysis were organized into three distinct chapters, whose main objectives were: 1) describe and analyze the situation of exploitation of fisheries resources in Brazil from an ecosystem perspective; 2) investigate changes in the spatial distribution of small-scale fisheries across the Brazilian equatorial region between 1994 and 2014 and the ecological and socioeconomic factors that influenced this change; and 3) verify adaptive factors and strategies that help explain why some fishers earn lower incomes than others. In the first chapter, we identified that the difference between the Northeastern / Amazon / Eastern and Southeastern / Rio Grande ecoregions is remarkable. The Southeastern and Rio Grande regions had the worst rates, indicating that fishing is not being carried out in a sustainable manner while the other regions had better rates. MTI varied between regions and between artisanal and industrial fishing, but the “fishing down marine food web” phenomenon was not observed in all regions, only in the Rio Grande region. On the other hand, geographical expansion occurred in a similar way in all regions and for both 9 types of fishing. In the second chapter, it was observed that a relevant change in the spatial distribution of fishing was detected and demonstrated that fishing has moved mainly from shallow to deeper waters. Although the target species remained the same in 1994 and 2014, the abundance of these species decreased significantly over time, which negatively affected the fisher's income. Finally, the third chapter showed that the poorest fishers in 1994 remain the poorest in 2014. Although different variables explain the income in the 2 years - State, large and motorized boats and compressor equipment in 1994 and large boats and use of the hook and line in 2014, the 3 main changes related to fishing were made both by fisher who lost income and by fisher who had an increase in income. The results found here certainly help to better understand the changes and dynamics of fisheries and fisheries stocks in Brazil, over the last 60 years, but especially in the Northeastern region and can help to subsidize fisheries management decisions. Specifically, it can now be concluded that fishing is not being done in a sustainable way, see the geographical expansion of fishing that is happening, and even this is not being enough to maintain the fisher's incomes, making this group already vulnerable even more vulnerableAcesso AbertoIndicadores ecossitêmicos; Pesca de pequena escala; Distribuição espacial da pesca; Socioeconomico; Expansão geográfica da pesca;Pesca artesanaldoctoralThesis