Oliveira, Ângelo Giuseppe Roncalli da CostaOliveira Neta, Rosa Sá de2024-06-172024-06-172024-05-07OLIVEIRA NETA, Rosa Sá de. Avaliação da adesão às dietas sustentáveis, desertos alimentares e associações de saúde, aspectos socioeconômicos e espaciais em adultos e idosos do estudo Brazuca-Natal. Orientador: Dr. Ângelo Giuseppe Roncalli da Costa Oliveira. 2024. 155f. Tese (Doutorado em Saúde Coletiva) - Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2024.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/58498Introduction: Achieving food security and improving nutrition are goals set by the UN's Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). To this end, it is essential to understand the interactions between public health, the environment and social determinants in order to plan effective actions to tackle Food and Nutrition Insecurity (FNI) and promote healthy and sustainable territories. From the perspective of identifying the food situation in the territories, food environments stand out, which are influenced by a variety of factors (availability, accessibility, convenience, promotion, quality of food and drink), including the sustainability of the ecosystems in which they are inserted. In this context, this study can provide valuable information by identifying and describing critical areas of spatial inequalities regarding adherence to sustainable diets, favoring the development of public policies focused on the most vulnerable areas. Objective: To evaluate adherence to sustainable diets, food deserts and health associations, socioeconomic and spatial aspects in adults and elderly people from the BRAZUCA-Natal study. Methods: This is a multi-method study. 1) A scoping review that sought to understand the characteristics of the sustainable diet adherence indices that were developed on the basis of the EATLancet Commission report and to verify the main knowledge gaps in these tools. This review was carried out through a systematic literature search in the PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and Science Direct databases from June 1 to August 1, 2022. 2) A cross-sectional study that was broken down, based on the independent variables, into two scientific articles that assessed 399 adults and elderly people, through home interviews containing sociodemographic, lifestyle, clinical, anthropometric and dietary questions, guided by the Globodiet® software using the 24-hour dietary recall (R24h). Adherence to sustainable diets was measured using the Planet Health Diet Index (PHDI). In the first article, we assessed adherence to the EAT-Lancet recommendations for healthy and sustainable diets in adults and the elderly in the Brazuca-Natal study. The second article sought to assess the association between adherence to the EAT-Lancet diet and cardiometabolic risk factors (glucose, triglycerides, total cholesterol, HDL-c, LDL-c, measurement of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, we used multiple linear regression to assess the relationship between the PHDI and independent variables. 3) A transversal ecological study that sought to associate adherence to a sustainable diet with individual and contextual variables, focusing on food deserts, FNI and urban infrastructure. This research was based on the census sectors of the city of Natal-RN, based on the identification of food purchasing establishments, grouped into the categories of in-natura or minimally processed, ultra-processed or mixed. Food deserts were calculated by the density of healthy establishments weighted by income divided by 10,000 inhabitants and classified as less than or equal to the 25th percentile. We used socioeconomic data from the 2010 Census. Multiple regression with Backward selection was used to observe the relationship between total of 1,458 articles, 14 of which were included in the review. We identified seven indices that measure sustainable diets, as follows: EAT-Lancet diet score (ELD-I), New EAT-Lancet diet score (EAT), Planetary Health Diet Index (PHDI), Sustainable Diet Index (SDI), Sustainable-HEalthy-Diet (SHED), novel Nutrient-Based EAT index (NB-EAT) and World Index for Sustainability and Health (WISH). In article 2 (cross-sectional), we found that the average total score for adherence to the PHDI was 29.4 points (95% CI 28.04-30.81), out of a score that can vary from 0 to 150 points. The highest scores were for fruit, pulses and vegetables and the lowest for animal fat and red meat. This study showed that adherence to a sustainable diet is directly related to being male and not consuming alcohol, and inversely related to having 1 to 9 years of schooling and being food insecure. In article 3 (cross-sectional), the PHDI showed a significant association (p <0.05) with the presence of diabetes and dyslipidemia, with systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and LDL-c, as well as with an index that assesses cardiovascular health and its components (positively with fruits, vegetables and legumes and negatively with ultra-processed foods). In article 4 (transversal ecological) we found greater adherence to the sustainable diet in the southern region of Natal-RN, in individuals with higher per capita income, food security, living in areas with better infrastructure and which are not food deserts. We found that the occurrence of food deserts coincides with the areas where there is less adherence to the sustainable diet, which are the North and West regions of the city. Adherence to a sustainable diet decreases when associated with unfavorable urban infrastructure and FNI. Conclusions: The scoping review observed the use of different metrics that assess adherence to sustainable diets, making it difficult to compare the indices and the tendency to neglect social aspects. In article 2, we concluded that adherence to sustainable diets is far from the EAT-Lancet recommendations and that this adherence was lower in women, with low education, in less favored social classes, with lower per capita income and who were in the IAN. In article 3, the association with a sustainable dietary pattern also suggested a lower cardiometabolic risk. And in article 4, we verified in the mapping of food deserts that the distribution of establishments that sell healthy and sustainable food suffers territorial inequities in the city of Natal-RN, concentrated in the South and East regions. Despite not being associated with adherence to sustainable diets in this study, food deserts highlight issues related to sustainable food choices that may go beyond availability and accessibility. However, new studies are needed that explore issues related to the habits and purchasing power of these families.Acesso AbertoConsumo alimentarDesertos alimentaresMeio ambiente e saúde públicaInsegurança públicaAcesso a alimentos saudáveisdoctoralThesisCNPQ::CIENCIAS DA SAUDE::SAUDE COLETIVA