Lisbôa, Ronai MachadoFigueiredo Júnior, Francisco das Chagas2023-01-182023-01-182022-12-14FIGUEIREDO JÚNIOR, Francisco das Chagas. Síntese de elementos pesados em processos de captura de nêutrons. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Ronai Machado Lisbôa. 2023. 33 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Bacharelado em física) - Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Departamento de Física Teórico e Experimental, 2022.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/50980The origin of the chemical elements in our universe is one of the fundamental and open scientific questions of humanity and scientists from various areas of knowledge have been developing theories and experiments over the centuries in order to explain the nature of our universe and what it is done. The pertinence of this theme lies in the construction of knowledge of the processes and sites of formation of elements that constitute the entire universe. From observational studies of stars with low metallicity ([Fe/H] > - 2.5) in dwarf galaxies, it was possible to measure the value of the abundance patterns of the elements generated in rapid capture processes. In stars of the Reticulum II galaxy, the abundances of heavy elements such as Europium (Eu) are high relative to the abundances of Iron (Fe) ([Eu/Fe] > + 1.0), so at an earlier time these stars must have been enriched by a source, however rare, of large ejection of element-rich material from the r-process that enriched the gas of early galaxies. This work focuses on the conceptual and qualitative studies of nucleosynthesis of heavy elements by fast neutron capture process (r-process) since it is responsible for producing about half of the solar abundances of heavy elements. The presentation of this work was developed through a bibliographical review referring to the types of astrophysical events that make possible the sufficient conditions for the occurrence of the neutron capture processes. The yield models of the r-process elements in the neutron star collapse event appear to be in common agreement with the abundance patterns of the observed stars, and even the Sun. It is conjectured that this phenomenon is the main sower of heavy nuclei in the universe, with a clear presence of these elements in our daily lives.Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Brazilhttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/br/Captura rápida de nêutronsRapid neutron captureNucleossíntese de elementos pesadosNucleosynthesis of heavy elementsColisão de estrelas de nêutronsCollision of neutron starsbachelorThesisCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICACNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::ASTRONOMIA::ASTROFISICA ESTELARCNPQ::CIENCIAS EXATAS E DA TERRA::FISICA::FISICA NUCLEAR