Costa, Diógenes Félix da SilvaSaldanha, Denise Santos2025-01-232025-01-232024-08-29SALDANHA, Denise Santos. Áreas úmidas, serviços ecossistêmicos e trade-offs: avaliação dos macrohabitats costeiros do semiárido brasileiro. Orientador: Dr. Diógenes Félix da Silva Costa. 2024. 218f. Tese (Doutorado em Geografia) - Centro de Ciências Humanas, Letras e Artes, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, Natal, 2024.https://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/61859On the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, coastal wetland macrohabitats have become one of the environments most exposed to human forces, mainly due to the expansion of economic activities. These, classified as artificial macrohabitats, cause direct and indirect interference in the provision of ecosystem services. Considering the environmental and socioeconomic importance of these wetlands, this thesis aims to evaluate coastal macrohabitats in the lower course of the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu River basin (RN/Brazil), based on the relationship between the provision of ecosystem services offered by natural and artificial macrohabitats, as well as the influence of this relationship on the different trade-offs of the area. To achieve this objective, the methodological procedures consisted of the following steps: 1) bibliographic survey; 2) use of geotechnologies for the characterization and spatialization of coastal macrohabitats; 3) application of multivariate statistics for sedimentological analysis of the different natural macrohabitats; 4) classification of ecosystem services under the theoretical and methodological support of the Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES); and 5) construction of the DPSIR (Driver–Pressure–State–Impact–Response) matrix to identify cause and effect indicators that influence the loss or change of services (trade-offs). In the lower reaches of the Piancó-Piranhas-Açu River basin, six coastal macrohabitats were identified: tidal channels, mangroves, apicum, lagoons, salt pans and shrimp farming. These are distributed heterogeneously, with sedimentological variability due to their location in periodically flooded areas, influenced by both marine and river dynamics. The main results indicated an increase of 8,185.4 ha in solar salt pans and 2,100 ha in shrimp farming over the 53 years analyzed, between 1968 and 2021. On the other hand, there was a reduction of 3,055.95 ha in apicum areas and 439 ha in mangrove forests in the same period, which reveals a growing occupation of artificial macrohabitats over natural macrohabitats of AUs. The identification of ecosystem services demonstrated that these natural environments have a high supply capacity, especially in the categories of provision, highlighting the collection of fish and crustaceans, and regulation/ maintenance, with the regulation of physical, chemical and biological conditions. The analysis of the DPSIR chain indicators observed that economic demands cause varied pressures on natural macrohabitats, so that the most evident impacts are changes in ecological functions and soil impermeability. These effects result in 11 trade-offs, three in the provision section and eight in the regulation/maintenance section, which highlights the need to assess the different uses and occupations in the landscape. To mitigate the damage, three responses were proposed: creation of priority areas; preparation of the Degraded Areas Recovery Plan; and environmental monitoring. These measures aim to resolve the impacts and promote sustainable use in the face of human dependence on ecosystem services. It is expected that the results achieved will contribute to local diagnosis and prognosis, encourage ongoing environmental education actions, as well as inspection and monitoring of water, soil and salinity in such wetlands.Acesso AbertoMacrohabitats costeirosServiços bióticos e abióticosRelação de causa e efeitoPiranhas-Açu (Rio Grande do Norte)doctoralThesisCNPQ::CIENCIAS HUMANAS::GEOGRAFIA