Navegando por Autor "Fernandes, M. R."
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Artigo Alternative fuels composed by blends of nonionic surfactant with diesel and water: engine performance and emissions(Brazilian Society of Chemical Engineering, 2011) Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; Fernandes, M. R.; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de AlencarDiesel-based microemulsions and a surfactant/diesel blend, using ethoxylated (5 EO) nonylphenol as surfactant, were prepared and tested in a diesel engine to evaluate its performance and emissions. The following properties were evaluated: density, viscosity, cloud point and corrosiveness. Experimental results showed that density and viscosity were greater than those obtained for neat diesel. Cloud point and corrosiveness were not affected by water and surfactant. Specific fuel consumption of the microemulsion systems was greater than that of diesel, but the small droplets of water improved diesel combustion. Compared with diesel, an increase in carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and a decrease in black smoke emissions were obtained. In general, only microemulsions with up to 6% water are in accord with Brazilian diesel/biodiesel fuel regulations and specificationsArtigo Effect of biodiesel/diesel-based microemulsions on the exhaust emissions of a diesel engine(Associação Brasileira de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento em Petróleo e Gás, 2013) Dantas Neto, Afonso Avelino; Fernandes, M. R.; Barros Neto, Eduardo Lins de; Dantas, Tereza Neuma de Castro; Moura, Maria Carlenise Paiva de AlencarThis paper describes the use of blends of diesel/biodiesel to obtain new microemulsion systems and their application as fuels for diesel engines. The blends were prepared using 5 vol.% (B5) and 20 vol.% (B20) biodiesel in diesel. The microemulsions were composed by either B5 or B20 as oil phase, nonylphenol ethoxylate with five oxyethylene units as nonionic surfactant, and distilled water as aqueous phase. Properties such as viscosity, flash point, density, and corrosiveness were evaluated. In comparison with diesel, increases in viscosity, density, and flash point were observed. Although increase in corrosiveness could be expected, this was not detected with the blends, which were fueled in a diesel engine to evaluate gaseous emissions. A reduction in CO, NOx and smoke emissions was observed, together with an increase in the emissions of unburned hydrocarbons. Therefore, the results indicate that the exhaust emissions of these novel microemulsion systems presented lower pollutants than neat diesel