Navegando por Autor "Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva"

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Avaliação de ciclo de vida da energia eólica offshore: uma revisão da literatura
(Universidade Federal do Paraná, 2018) Gomes, Mateus Sant'anna de Sousa; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira
O fornecimento de produtos e serviços à sociedade contribui para um vasto número de impactos ambientais. Os impactos ambientais incluem emissões de poluentes no meio ambiente e o consumo de recursos naturais, assim como outros impactos, como a ocupação de terra urbana, etc. A avaliação de ciclo de vida (ACV) é uma técnica para avaliar os impactos ambientais de um determinado produto ou sistema. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão sistemática da existente literatura de ACV da energia eólica offshore. A triagem de aproximadamente 430 artigos de avaliação de impactos ambientais da energia eólica offshore, resultou em 18 artigos sobre avaliação de ciclo de vida.O artigo apresenta uma visão geral dos principais parâmetros considerados nestes estudos. Este estudo concluiuque o grande número de estimativas de ACV para energia eólica onshore, não se reflete na energia eólica offshore. Entretanto, em comparação com estudos realizados, pode-se notar que os parâmetros e resultados utilizados pela indústria offshore, são muito similares aos da indústria onshore
Avaliação dos impactos ambientais de um processo industrial utilizando como matéria-prima policarbonatos virgem e reciclado
(Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental - ABES, 2019-12-20) Lacerda, Leornardo de Moura; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
Os impactos ambientais gerados por processos produtivos é um assunto em crescente evidência no mundo organizacional, e a análise comparativa de processos vem sendo utilizada pelas empresas para verificar os impactos ambientais e suas principais fontes de emissões. A análise dos impactos de um processo produtivo, com dois contextos distintos para a produção de hastes de óculos de policarbonato (PC), em uma indústria localizada no interior de São Paulo, foi realizada com a finalidade de comparar os impactos ambientais gerados. Para isso, foram definidos dois cenários: o 1 representa o processo de injeção que utiliza 100% de PC virgem como matéria-prima, enquanto o 2 usa apenas 20% de matéria-prima virgem, sendo o restante proveniente de resíduos de PC reciclados internamente. Dados quantitativos e qualitativos referentes aos cenários foram coletados e utilizados para identificar os impactos ambientais gerados com o auxílio da metodologia de avaliação do ciclo de vida (ACV). Com os resultados obtidos e a análise comparativa realizada, foi possível verificar os benefícios ambientais resultantes da reciclagem interna da matéria-prima. A redução dos impactos no cenário 2 em comparação com o 1 foi expressiva, principalmente, devido à diminuição da necessidade da produção de matéria-prima virgem. Em todas as categorias de impactos analisadas, ocorreram reduções - por exemplo, na categoria “mudanças climáticas”, a redução foi superior a 70%
Environmental performance of additive manufacturing process – an overview
(Emerald Publishing, 2018-10-08) Garcia, Fabricio Leon; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira; Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to overview the literature about the environmental performance of additive manufacturing (AM) and to evaluate the use of life cycle assessment (LCA) on these studies. Design/methodology/approach This study was based on the systematic literature review. Findings The investigation found that most authors were concerned about the energy consumption of the AM equipment, which is the subject studied by 87% of articles. In addition, 25% of the studies used LCA at least in some level, making a global environment assessment to evaluate the environmental impacts of AM. By analyzing research studies, it was possible to find signs that AM could be a lower environmental impact process, when compared with traditional manufacturing. However, this assumption is not valid in all cases because there are many variables that may affect environmental results. Originality/value Due to the increase on the usage of this type of technology by industries, studies on the environmental performance of this process became relevant
Life cycle assessment of a steam thermolysis process to recover carbon fibers from carbon fiber-reinforced polymer waste
(Springer, 2017-11-03) Nunes, Andréa Oliveira; Viana, Luciano Rodrigues; Guineheuc, Pierre-Marie; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich; Barna, Radu; Soudais, Yannick
Purpose Carbon fibers have been widely used in composite materials, such as carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP). Therefore, a considerable amount of CFRP waste has been generated. Different recycling technologies have been proposed to treat the CFRP waste and recover carbon fibers for reuse in other applications. This study aims to perform a life cycle assessment (LCA) to evaluate the environmental impacts of recycling carbon fibers from CFRP waste by steam thermolysis, which is a recycling process developed in France. Methods The LCA is performed by comparing a scenario where the CFRP waste is recycled by steam-thermolysis with other where the CFRP waste is directly disposed in landfill and incineration. The functional unit set for this study is 2 kg of composite. The inventory analysis is established for the different phases of the two scenarios considered in the study, such as the manufacturing phase, the recycling phase, and the end-of-life phase. The input and output flows associated with each elementary process are standardized to the functional unit. The life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) is performed using the SimaPro software and the Ecoinvent 3 database by the implementation of the CML-IA baseline LCIA method and the ILCD 2011 midpoint LCIA method. Results and discussion Despite that the addition of recycling phase produces non-negligible environmental impacts, the impact assessment shows that, overall, the scenario with recycling is less impactful on the environment than the scenario without recycling. The recycling of CFRP waste reduces between 25 and 30% of the impacts and requires about 25% less energy. The two LCIA methods used, CML-IA baseline and ILCD 2011 midpoint, lead to similar results, allowing the verification of the robustness and reliability of the LCIA results. Conclusions The recycling of composite materials with recovery of carbon fibers brings evident advantages from an environmental point of view. Although this study presents some limitations, the LCA conducted allows the evaluation of potential environmental impacts of steam thermolysis recycling process in comparison with a scenario where the composites are directly sent to final disposal. The proposed approach can be scaled up to be used in other life cycle assessments, such as in industrial scales, and furthermore to compare the steam thermolysis to other recycling processes
Proposal of a methodology to use offshore wind energy on the southeast coast of Brazil
(Elsevier, 2019-10-15) Gomes, Mateus Sant’Anna de Sousa; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira
The electric energy matrix in Brazil mostly comprises energy from hydroelectric power plants, approximately 60.8%. This large participation presents some vulnerability in periods of drought and often the country’s electric energy matrix is complemented by the use of other energy sources, such as thermoelectric. Even though it is currently among the largest onshore wind power producers in the world, Brazil has not yet started developing this energy source in the offshore segment. However, this study shows that offshore wind energy can be a complementary energy source for the country’s electric energy matrix, and thus replace other energy sources which have more impact on the environment. Therefore, this study sought to develop a methodology that can be easily replicated using free access tools, aiming to contribute to the development of offshore wind technology and future research in the country. The results show a large production of offshore wind energy in the southeastern region of Brazil. The "Cabo Frio 2″ data collection point presented the highest annual production of offshore wind energy. However the study opted for the "Arraial do Cabo-A606″ collection point located in the state of Rio de Janeiro and at ocean depths that can be reached by fixed foundations
A study on the environmental aspects of WEEE plastic recycling in a Brazilian company
(Springer Nature, 2017-03-13) Campolina, Juliana Mendes; Sigrist, Carolina São Leandro; Paiva, Jane Maria Faulstich; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva
Purpose The high consumption of electrical and electronic equipment motivated by the rapid technological advances seen over the years has lead to an increase in the generation of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). Such residues contain various dangerous substances and therefore deserve special attention. To that end, the Brazilian Policy on Solid Waste has provided guidelines on integrated and solid waste management, such as consumer electronics, aiming at their appropriate disposal and treatment through reverse logistics. In this context, the present work focuses on studying the recycling of some WEEE plastics. Methods This study was conducted using the methodological framework presented in the International Standard ISO 14040:2006 and aimed to determine the life cycle inventory (LCI) of a WEEE plastic recycling process in a company in Brazil. Having collected the data, it was possible to identify and quantify the environmental aspects caused by the recycling process of major plastics (acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) and high impact polystyrene (HIPS). The study was conducted in the only company in Brazil that operates WEEE plastic recycling in large scale. Results and discussion Some of the environmental aspects caused during the recycling process of the plastics under study were identified and quantified. As a result, besides presenting the inventory, it was also possible to determine a reduction in the consumption of energy and in CO2 emissions. When compared to the production of virgin ABS and HIPS, the recycling processes for such plastics showed a reduction in energy consumption by approximately 90% for both plastics and a reduction in CO2 emissions by approximately 84% for HIPS and 87% for ABS. The plastics recycled by the company retain over 90% of their virgin mechanical properties. Conclusions The study shows that recycling is highly relevant and that components present in WEEE received appropriate destination and treatment. Recycling avoids environmental impacts as it prevents WEEE from being disposed of in landfills and as the pellets of recycled plastics can re-enter the supply chain as raw materials. Considering the legislation in Brazil, the stage of collection/transport/treatment of WEEE conducted by the company under study presents strong indications of contributions to the environment, society, and economy of the country
Why using different Life Cycle Assessment software tools can generate different results for the same product system? A cause–effect analysis of the problem
(Elsevier, 2019-10) Silva, Diogo Aparecido Lopes; Nunes, Andréa Oliveira; Pierkaski, Cassiano Moro; Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva; Souza, Luri Shirosaki Marçal; Rodrigues, Thiago Oliveira
There are different software tools to perform Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and results may be different according to which software the user chooses. This paper aims to present how different LCA results can be achieved due to using different LCA software tools for the same product system. The present study focuses on analyzing four LCA software tools: SimaPro, Gabi, Umberto® and openLCA, and a standard case study was designed for the LCA comparisons for the particleboard production in Brazil. The product system was modeled in terms of gate-to-gate (G2G) and cradle-to-gate (C2G) approaches, and the ILCD midpoint was the Life Cycle Impact Assessment (LCIA) method. Characterized and normalized impacts were calculated and compared in terms of maximum/minimum relative deviation for five different impact categories. An analysis of the current software tools indicates that photochemical ozone formation and ecotoxicity freshwater categories were highlighted because of their high relative impacts. However, the G2G impacts for all the software tools were less affected than the C2G impacts, which indicate there are differences in the causes of the impacts for the background datasets. Furthermore, an analysis of the Characterization Factors (CFs) was designed and the results were revealed: i) missing CFs in some software, ii) additional CFs in some software, and iii) different CFs for the same flows. Based on that, a cause–effect analysis was performed, and two root causes were identified: import process for background datasets, and lack of rules for implementing LCIA methods in the software tools. To deal with such root causes, a roadmap was proposed and we recommended to include LCIA methods into a node at the Global LCA Data network, and consequently all software tools should update their databases from there. This would help to at least reducing the discrepancies of LCA results

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Navegando por Autor "Moris, Virgínia Aparecida da Silva"