Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Climáticas
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Doctoral Thesis Dinâmica sociodemográfica e a variabilidade climática do Semiárido do Brasil(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-11-25) Machado, Renata Barbosa Monteiro; Andrade, Lára de Melo Barbosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8019-9480; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0327817672623352; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6715-6275; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1685194668161790; Silva, Claudio Moisés Santos e; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-7348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1394248306018449; Rodrigues, Daniele Tôrres; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-2832; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4682555268827167; Ribeiro, Marcos Samuel Matias; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2448455825508406; Mutti, Pedro Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475390537931966; Pontes, Roberto José Almeida de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9084068396927122The Brazilian Semiarid region is characterized by pronounced climatic variability, marked by prolonged droughts and increasing aridity, which significantly affect water, food, and socioeconomic security. This study aims to construct a homoclimatic typology for the Brazilian Semiarid region in order to identify homogeneous climatic profiles and analyze their relationship with regional sociodemographic dynamics. Meteorological data included precipitation, relative humidity, maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and wind speed, obtained from the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data dataset, which provides interpolated data on a 0.1° × 0.1° spatial grid covering the period from January 1, 1961, to December 31, 2020. Sociodemographic dynamics were assessed using 18 indicators derived from the 1991, 2000, and 2010 Demographic Censuses, representing key aspects of municipal living conditions and development. For the 1,427 municipalities comprising the Brazilian Semiarid region, Cluster Analysis was applied using Ward’s linkage method. The procedure identified four distinct climatic zones, labeled SAB I, II, III, and IV. Results indicate increasing temperature trends, intensification of drought conditions, and heightened vulnerabilities in specific areas, particularly SAB III, characterized by high aridity and limited access to basic infrastructure. Although improvements in sociodemographic indicators were observed over recent decades, regional inequalities persist. The findings highlight the importance of analyzing demographic and social indicators within each homoclimatic cluster to better understand population characteristics and their association with socio-environmental vulnerabilities.Master Thesis Produção pesqueira do peixe voador (Hirundichthys affinis) e sua relação com o sistema oceano-atmosfera no litoral norte do Rio Grande do Norte(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-09-30) Costa Junior, Nivaldo Patrício da; Mutti, Pedro Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475390537931966; Rodrigues, Daniele Tôrres; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-2832; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4682555268827167; Cintra, Marcio Machado; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9348402509955995; Claudino, Rayanne Leitão; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4722691167609521The artisanal fishery of the flying fish (Hirundichthys affinis) constitutes an activity of significant socioeconomic importance for the northern coast of Rio Grande do Norte, with its roe being the main product of commercial value. This study investigated the relationship between the fishery's output and the ocean-atmosphere system variables in the region, utilizing fish landing data from 2011-2023, fleet spatial data from 2018- 2023, and time series of oceanographic (sea surface temperature - SST, chlorophylla, carbon, fluorescence) and atmospheric (wind, precipitation) data. The methodology integrated the zoning of fishing areas, correlation analyses, and the application of PCA followed by multiple linear regression to identify the environmental patterns that influence fishery production. The results indicated a 336% increase in fishing effort from 2011 to 2023, along with an 80% decline in Catch Per Unit of Effort (CPUE) since its peak in 2014. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that in the more remote oceanic areas (Areas 1 and 2), conditions associated with higher primary productivity and certain wind and rainfall patterns had a negative impact on fishing efficiency. In contrast, this relationship was inverted in the most coastal area (Area 3). It is concluded that the flying fish fishery may be facing signs of over-exploitation within a context of environmental change, such as the 0.5°C SST warming observed during the period. These results reinforce the necessity for adaptive management strategies that account for climatic influences to guarantee the sustainability of the activity.Master Thesis Pulsos de precipitação e balanço de CO2 em área de Caatinga: estudo de casos(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-12-17) Oliveira, Ane Caroline Cândido Firmo de; Costa, Gabriel Brito; Silva, Cláudio Moisés Santos e; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-7348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1394248306018449; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5254-489X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0980355943575182; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-9700; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5346906340969875; Santana, Raoni Aquino Silva de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2083159643570023; Bezerra, Bergson Guedes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-3304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1901216516407999; Mendes, Keila Rêgo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0278-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1944170626580025This study investigated the influence of precipitation pulses on the carbon balanceinapreserved Caatinga area located in the Açu National Forest (RN). Measurements, carriedout between July 2023 and June 2024, used the eddy covariance technique to estimate net carbonexchange (NEE), gross primary productivity (GPP), and ecosystem respiration (Reco). Tworainfall events were identified during the dry period, one in November (P1) and the other inDecember 2023 (P2). The results showed that the greatest carbon sequestrationfluxesoccurred immediately after the rainfall events, especially after the second pulse, whenNEEincreased from -1.26 to -1.40 g C m⁻² d⁻¹ and GPP increased from 2.04 to 2.29 g Cm⁻² d⁻¹. These variations were accompanied by an increase in relative humidity and a reductioninvapor pressure deficit (VPD), favoring an increase in photosynthetic efficiency. Conversely, rainfall showed a marked increase immediately after P2, indicating reactivation of biological processes in the soil and vegetation. These results highlight the strong dependenceofCaatinga metabolism on intraseasonal water availability, reinforcing that rainfall pulses, evenin isolation, are crucial in ecophysiological reactivation and in the regulation of carbonexchange in semi-arid ecosystems. It is concluded that the inclusion of rainfall variabilityincarbon balance models is essential to improve projections on the resilience of the Caatingatoclimate change.Doctoral Thesis Uma abordagem holística sobre chuvas, qualidade do ar, gases de efeito estufa e o uso e ocupação da terra na cidade de Natal, RN(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-10-30) Mesquita, Thiago de Paula Nunes; Silva, Cláudio Moisés Santos e; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-7348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1394248306018449; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3034504307832763; Bezerra, Bergson Guedes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1566-3304; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1901216516407999; Barbosa, Lara de Melo; Batalha, Sarah Suely Alves; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5153-2379; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6697577781262771; Tavares, Jean Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264177368997967Humanity faces the challenge of climate change, which results in more intense and frequent meteorological events. In this context, cities are considered “pollution and heat islands,” demanding the development of mitigation and climate adaptation strategies. The motivation for this study was to produce a multidimensional diagnostic, assessing risks associated with Land Use and Land Cover (LULC), extreme rainfall, and air quality. The main objective was to examine the potential relationship between LULC, the spatial distribution of particulate matter, greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations, and rainfall occurrence in the city of Natal. For rainfall analysis, ten years (2014–2023) of hourly precipitation data from eight automatic rain gauges of the Cemaden network were used, classifying events as weak, normal, intense, or extreme. LULC evolution was characterized by administrative zones using MapBiomas Collection 9 data for the period 1985– 2020. Air quality and GHG concentrations were measured through experimental campaigns conducted between November 2024 and March 2025, employing the mobile transect technique. The influence of geographic and temporal factors on precipitation and thermodynamic variables was assessed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). The results indicate that: (i) Natal’s LULC underwent intense urban expansion between 1985 and 2020, with the “nonvegetated area” class expanding significantly (from 27.67% to 64.31% of the total area), most notably in the North and West zones; (ii) extreme rainfall events were more intense and persistent in the East and North zones, strongly modulated by interannual variability and spatial distribution, with less dependence on seasonality alone; (iii) the East zone consistently exhibited the highest mean concentrations of particulate matter, predominantly of anthropogenic origin; and (iv) the East and North zones also showed higher relative humidity and lower Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD). The thesis confirmed the hypothesis that there is an intrinsic relationship between LULC, extreme rainfall, and air quality in Natal. The regions that experienced greater anthropogenic activity and intense urbanization (East and North) are those presenting the most intense and long-lasting extreme rainfall events, along with the poorest air quality indicators. Although preliminary, the results indicate that particulate matter and GHG concentrations in the city’s most urbanized areas occasionally exceed the good-quality thresholds established by governmental agencies, partially refuting the claim that Natal has the purest air in the Americas.Master Thesis Análise da vulnerabilidade à seca na Bacia do Rio Apodi-Mossoró(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-10-31) Macedo, Igor Tauan Santiago Lopes de; Silva, Jonathan Mota da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-8451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3379521354576211; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7639-5506; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9133105797769854; Mutti, Pedro Rodrigues; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475390537931966; Pessoa, Zoraide Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-5027; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7738736219606737; Reis, Gabriela de Azevedo; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8941140624803701Drought, a natural phenomenon increasingly intensified by climate change, poses a growing threat to arid and semi-arid regions, where its impacts directly affect water security, agricultural production, and the socioeconomic conditions of local populations. This study assessed drought vulnerability in the Apodi-Mossoró River Basin (BHRAM), located in the semi-arid region of Rio Grande do Norte (Brazil), aiming to identify the most susceptible areas to water scarcity and support strategies for living with drought. The research considered multiple dimensions — socioeconomic, climatic, environmental, and water management — analyzed across different spatial scales, from the basin domain to the municipal level, while accounting for local adaptive capacity. The iSECA model, adapted to regional conditions, was applied to integrate indicators from these dimensions and produce a spatially explicit vulnerability index. Results revealed marked structural inequality among the four Delimitated Units (UDs) of the basin. The Upper Course exhibited High to Extreme vulnerability, driven by socioeconomic fragility and strong climatic exposure. The Upper Middle Course presented a heterogeneous pattern, with High to Very High vulnerability, influenced by rainfall irregularity and limited water infrastructure. The Lower Middle Course stood out as the least critical area, showing Low to Moderate vulnerability, acting as a buffer zone due to a better balance between exposure and adaptive capacity. Conversely, the Lower Course emerged as the most vulnerable region, with predominance of Very High and Extreme classes, reflecting high water demand and low surface storage capacity. Additionally, a perception analysis was conducted with public managers, civil defense representatives, and members of the river basin committee to compare the modeled vulnerability with the perceived drought impacts. The responses confirmed strong correspondence between both perspectives, highlighting irrigated agriculture, livestock farming, and domestic water supply as the most affected sectors. The findings demonstrate that drought vulnerability in the BHRAM transcends climatic variability, reflecting a complex interaction of physical, social, and institutional factors. The study provides a comprehensive and integrated understanding of the multiple dimensions of vulnerability, contributing to the development of resilient public policies and evidence-based decisionmaking at different management levels. It emphasizes the need to strengthen participatory water governance, invest in infrastructure adapted to semi-arid conditions, and promote education and community awareness as key pillars for a sustainable and resilient coexistence with droughts.Master Thesis Modelagem hidrológica do efeito da expansão urbana no regime hidrológico do Rio Pitimbu(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-29) Lima, Lucas Luan Maia de; Silva, Jonathan Mota da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-8451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3379521354576211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9430179940138200; Leal, Karinne Reis Deusdará; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7837242989204504; Saad, Sandra Isay; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-3175; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0103102694865890Water security is one of the main challenges for water management and urban supply in Brazil. Ensuring it requires the conservation and restoration of water resources, as well as guaranteeing water availability that meets the needs of multiple uses. Imbalances in the water budget are a key dimension of water insecurity, often leading to the onset of water crises. Among the processes that can cause such imbalance is urban expansion. In this context, the urban watershed of the Pitimbu River—which supplies roughly 30% of the southern portion of Natal—has undergone intense land-use and land-cover changes, particularly the expansion of urban areas. The effects of this expansion have not yet been well investigated regarding its impacts on the hydrological regime of the basin, nor on future water-security risks if urban growth continues.Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of urbanization, and its expansion, on the hydrological regime of the Pitimbu River basin for the land-use and land-cover conditions of 1985, 2022, and 2047. To this end, long-term hydrological simulations (over 30 years) were performed using the distributed hydrological model SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool Account Procedure), which requires spatial physical data (topography, vegetation cover, and soil types) and meteorological inputs. The daily hydrological regime was simulated for the years 1986–2019. Spatial analysis of land-cover change revealed that urbanization increased by 20% between 1985 and 2022, with an additional 12% projected by 2047 according to the mapping conducted with the InVEST model, indicating an accelerated occupation process. The simulations showed that this expansion significantly altered the basin’s hydrological behavior, intensifying surface runoff and reducing baseflow and lateral flow. Flow-duration curves and their quantiles, as well as the annual discharge cycle, confirmed an increase in the irregularity of the hydrological regime—characterized by higher flood peaks and lower dry-season flows. This shift reflects changes in the temporal distribution of streamflow, with a tendency toward higher maximum flows and lower minimum flows, compromising the reliability of water supply and posing risks to the region’s water security.Master Thesis Aplicação do modelo SPEEDY para a simulação dos eventos de El Niño baseado nas categorias e ensemble(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-09-30) Ferreira Neto, José Augusto; Mendes, David; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1418-5109; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4411895644401494; https://orcid.org/0009-0002-5733-1591; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0401494432064481; Oliveira, Cristiano Prestrelo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-1595; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2461244145338043; Oliveira Júnior, José Francisco de; Gonçalves, Weber Andrade; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3901367142857642Several factors modulate or influence Earth's climate and its variability, among them atmospheric teleconnections—patterns that, originating in one region of the globe, affect the climate in remote areas. One of the most important modes of climate variability is the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), whose positive phase, El Niño, exerts significant impacts in Brazil, such as droughts in the North and Northeast and excessive rainfall in the South. This study assessed the predictive skill of the SPEEDY model in simulating the impacts of El Niño events of varying intensity on the North, Northeast and South regions of Brazil. Monthly ensemble forecast simulations comprising 100 members were used for El Niño events categorized on the basis of the Oceanic Niño Index (ONI, Niño 3.4). The model was evaluated for three variables—large-scale precipitation, convective precipitation, and 2-m air temperature—by comparison with ERA5 reanalysis data. Forecast skill, reliability, and uncertainty were quantified using the following metrics: Brier Score (BS), Continuous Ranked Probability Score (CRPS), and Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC). The results indicate that the SPEEDY model exhibits skill in capturing the large-scale patterns associated with intense El Niño events. However, systematic biases were identified: temperature is overestimated in the Amazon and underestimated in the South. Convective precipitation is overestimated in the South and underestimated in the Northeast and North, with the largest errors occurring principally for extreme values. The ensemble exhibited underdispersion and a weak spread–skill relationship, indicating an underestimation of forecast uncertainty. Spatial coherence of the forecasts was greater for events classified as strong and very strong El Niños, and diminished for events classified as moderate and weak. We conclude that the SPEEDY model displays substantial variability in the reliability of its forecasts across different regions of Brazil and as a function of El Niño event intensity.Doctoral Thesis Evolução do uso e ocupação do solo e seus impactos na vazão da bacia hidrográfica do rio Maxaranguape: uma análise histórica e de modelagem hidrológica(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-08-11) Gomes, Kaline Muriel de Figueiredo; Silva, Jonathan Mota da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9995-8451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3379521354576211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8065941309451571; Rodrigues, Daniele Tôrres; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-2832; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4682555268827167; Silva, Fabrício Daniel dos Santos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-6413; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9324908747974694; Tavares, Jean Leite; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5264177368997967; Medeiros, Joana Darc Freire de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1359759456699671Unplanned agricultural expansion accelerates the transformation of land use and occupation, putting pressure on natural ecosystems and damaging water resources. Although there are extensive deforested areas in Brazil, agricultural expansion still occurs over natural ecosystems, such as the watershed Maxaranguape, where this pressure is pronounced, with the conversion of natural areas into agricultural areas. The objective of this study was to analyze the evolution of land use and occupation and its impacts on the streamflow regime of the watershed Maxaranguape, based on the analysis of trends in Hydroclimatic variables and hydrological modeling. In the latter, two scenarios were considered: an optimistic one (S1), in which agricultural expansion occurs over degraded pasture areas, and the other business-as-usual scenario (S2), in which agricultural expansion occurs over natural vegetation. The trend analysis of the historical series of precipitation and evapotranspiration did not indicate a significant change; on the other hand, the analysis of the average streamflow indicated a significant decrease of 0.07 m³/s per year (2.28% per year of the average annual streamflow). In the analysis of land use and occupation, it was noted that the rate of agricultural expansion grew by 5.8 km²/year in the river basin. This rate was the basis for projecting scenarios S1 and S2 for 15 years, which resulted in an increase of 5% and 9% of the agricultural area, respectively. The impact of this expansion resulted in an increase in surface runoff of 11.8% and 13.2%, while underground flow suffered a decrease of 0.6% and 1.1% in scenarios S1 and S2, respectively. In general, the results showed that, in both scenarios, there was a decrease in minimum streamflows and an increase in maximum streamflows, but with different patterns depending on the river section of the watershed evaluated. For all river sections analyzed, the current trend scenario (S2) reduced the minimum streamflow more, especially the largest minimum streamflows. The decrease in the minimum streamflow weakens water availability, and, considering the frequent occurrence of droughts in northeastern Brazil, the current trend scenario S2 promotes greater water insecurity. On the other hand, agricultural expansion over degraded pasture areas (S1), an acceptable scenario, would bring less hydrological disservice, as it would prevent the advance of agricultural areas over natural vegetation and reduce the impact on water availability.Doctoral Thesis Assimilação variacional multiescala de profundidade óptica de aerossóis atmosféricos com o sistema EURAD-IM no nordeste brasileiro(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-09-08) Münchow, Gabriel Bonow; Hoelzemann, Judith Johanna; Oliveira, Cristiano Prestrelo de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2871-1595; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2461244145338043; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6590472437235971; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8280352824217134; Alves, Rita de Cássia Marques; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7804-8141; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7123107007429083; Martins, Leila Droprinchinski; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-6534; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8069461151838819; Oliveira, Pablo Eli Soares de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1172-6870; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9234882860270063This thesis aims to improve numerical simulations of particulate matter in the Northeast of Brazil (NEB), covering scales from regional to intra-urban, using the threedimensional variational assimilation of aerosol optical depth at 550 nm (AOD550) data with the EURopean Air Pollution Dispersion – Inverse Model (EURAD-IM) atmospheric chemical transport model. The motivation stems from the relevance of atmospheric aerosols in the Earth’s radiative balance, in the modification of the hydrological cycle, and in the degradation of air quality, directly affecting climate and public health. The NEB, although influenced by the intercontinental transport of mineral dust from Africa and by local sources such as biomass burning and vehicular emissions, suffers from a scarcity of observational data, which hinders the diagnosis and monitoring of air pollution. In this context, the integration between numerical modeling and observational data is essential to reduce uncertainties and improve the representation of the atmospheric chemical state. This study uses MODIS AOD550 retrievals products: Deep Blue (DB), Dark Target (DT) at 10 km and 3 km resolutions, and MAIAC at 1 km resolution. These products are evaluated and compared with data from the AERONET network sites at Petrolina-PE and Natal-RN. Their spatial and temporal behavior also is analyzed across the NEB biomes. This stage aims to identify the most accurate product(s) for the region for subsequent assimilation into the EURAD-IM system. The EURAD-IM models are configured with three nested grids, ranging from 20 km resolution over the entire NEB, 5 km over the northeastern sector covering the metropolitan regions of Fortaleza-CE, Recife-PE, and Natal-RN, and a 1 km grid over Natal. The methodology includes experiments assimilating AOD550 data from the MAIAC, DB, and DT products. Validation of these experiments is carried out using independent AERONET AOD observations and particulate matter (PM10) concentration measurements from air quality monitoring stations in the states of Bahia and Pernambuco. When comparing AOD with AERONET data, the DB and MAIAC products show the best results. A strong relationship is observed in the NEB between the temporal pattern of aerosol loading in the atmosphere and local fire hotspots in different biomes. The data assimilation experiments demonstrate increased accuracy in AOD550 simulations when including MODIS data, particularly the MAIAC product. There is a reduction of up to 24% in RMSE, a decrease in biases, and an increase in correlation with AERONET data. However, the analysis of simulated surface PM10 concentrations indicates that the data assimilation experiments reduced model accuracy compared to EURAD-IM simulations without assimilation. These results demonstrate the great potential of assimilating AOD550 data with the EURAD-IM model for the NEB region. However, adjustments in the assimilation system are necessary, especially in the method for vertical profile correction and in the homogeneous correction among the different particle types simulated by the model.Doctoral Thesis Desempenho, limitações e aprimoramento das estimativas de precipitação do IMERG sobre o Nordeste brasileiro: aplicações na Bacia do Parnaíba(Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2025-06-26) Batista, Flávia Ferreira; Rodrigues, Daniele Tôrres; Silva, Cláudio Moisés Santos e; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2251-7348; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1394248306018449; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4307-2832; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4682555268827167; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8908-4111; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3279985900161718; Potes, Miguel Joaquim Fernandes; Mutti, Pedro Rodrigues; http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7607-1727; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5475390537931966; Emiliavaca, Samira de Azevedo Santos; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8334809149422137The intensification of climate variability and extremes in recent decades has increased the challenges of hydrometeorological monitoring in semi-arid regions such as the Parnaíba River Basin, where the scarcity and poor distribution of rain gauge stations hinder adequate spatial representation of precipitation. In this context, improving remote sensing-based estimates has become essential, with the Integrated MultisatellitE Retrievals for GPM (IMERG) product standing out as one of the most prominent recent initiatives. This study assessed the ability of IMERG to reproduce key features of the precipitation regime in the basin and sought to apply robust bias correction techniques to the estimates. Initially, IMERG V06 was analyzed by comparison with rain gauge data, using various statistical metrics and focusing on eight extreme precipitation indices. The results indicated satisfactory performance of IMERG V06 for more frequent events but revealed limitations in capturing extremes, especially during dry periods and in areas of elevated topography. The IMERG Final product showed greater daily agreement compared to the Early and Late runs, with improved results for annual total precipitation and reasonable performance regarding extreme indices. With the release of version V07, a comparative analysis between IMERG V06 and V07 was conducted using the Brazilian Daily Weather Gridded Data (BR-DWGD), previously validated against in situ observations. Good agreement was observed, supporting the use of BR-DWGD as a reference for regional comparisons. The results showed notable improvements in V07, with reductions in systematic errors and better spatial representation of precipitation, particularly in the central and southern regions of the basin, where RMSE decreased by up to 20% and mean bias remained below 5%. To capture the spatial variability of the rainfall regime, cluster analysis was applied to identify homogeneous regions with respect to precipitation behavior. This segmentation allowed differentiated evaluations of IMERG versions, considering the environmental specificities of each region. Based on these results, a bias correction strategy was implemented for IMERG V07 using statistical and machine learning methods, especially the hybrid approach combining Quantile Regression Forest (QRF) and Quantile Mapping (QM), which led to reductions of up to 30% in RMSE and improvements greater than 58% in the KGE index, in addition to advances in rainfall detection and reduction of false alarms. These findings demonstrate that the integration of regionalized validation, advanced correction methods, and multiple data sources is essential for improving climate monitoring, with direct implications for water resource management, agricultural planning, and early warning systems in the Parnaíba River Basin.